日本立克次体与日本斑点热:病原体与疾病综述

Rickettsia japonica and Japanese spotted fever:A review on the pathogen and disease

日本斑点热(JSF)作为一种易被忽视的传染病,误诊和延误治疗是JSF患者不良预后的重要原因。该文对其病原体日本立克次体的遗传进化特征、传播途径及宿主和JSF的流行病学、临床表现、实验室检测及应对措施进行综述。尽管我国对该自然疫源性疾病的研究取得了一定的进展,但是目前还缺乏全国范围内媒介蜱类和JSF的分布信息,为此需加强全国JSF的流行病学调查和其宿主、媒介生物的监测,为该病的预防控制和临床诊断提供依据。

Japanese spotted fever(JSF)is a commonly neglected infectious disease,and misdiagnosis and treatment delay are pivotal determinants of adverse outcomes among JSF patients.This paper reviews the genetic and evolutionary characteristics,transmission routes,and hosts of the pathogen Rickettsia japonica as well as the epidemiology,clinical manifestations,laboratory examination,and response strategy of JSF.Although progress has been made in the epidemiological study of this deadly infectious disease in China,information on the nationwide distribution of JSF and tick vectors is lacking.It is necessary to strengthen epidemiological investigation of JSF and surveillance of the hosts and vectors across the country,so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control and clinical diagnosis of the disease.