嫁接番茄果实糖分变化及其与氮磷含量相关性分析

Change of Sugar in Grafted Tomato Fruit and Correlation Analysis with Nitrogen and Phosphorus Content

以红果番茄‘戴维森’(Dv)和粉果番茄‘罗拉’(La)为接穗,以‘Anta-T’(At)和‘Midako’(Md)番茄为砧木进行嫁接,研究了不同穗砧组合不同发育时期果实糖组分含量、蔗糖代谢相关酶活性及矿质元素含量的变化。结果表明,砧木可显著影响接穗果实的果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量且与接穗间存在显著交互作用。花后30 d,Dv/At果实蔗糖含量较Dv/Md高8.06%,La/At和La/Md之间无显著差异。花后110d时,Dv/Md果糖含量较自根嫁接苗低20.66%,La/Md却与自根嫁接苗无显著差异。不同嫁接组合果实中糖分含量差异与蔗糖代谢酶活性密切相关,果实糖分差异在发育前期主要受到接穗对酸性转化酶活性的调控作用,发育后期主要受到砧木对蔗糖磷酸合成酶和中性转化酶活性的影响。不同穗砧组合的果实中氮、磷、钾、钙、镁和铁含量差异显著。曲线估计分析显示,果实中氮和磷含量与蔗糖酸性转化酶和中性转化酶活性以及果糖、葡萄糖含量呈显著的负相关,与蔗糖含量成显著正相关。因此,在嫁接栽培促进番茄提质增产过程中,氮、磷养分管理应与砧木吸收特性相协调,从而避免氮、磷吸收增多引起番茄果实糖度和风味降低。

The changes of sugar content,sucrose metabolism related enzyme activities and mineral elements in tomato fruits at different developmental stages were studied.Red fruit tomato‘Davis’(Dv)and pink fruit tomato‘Rolla’(La)were used as scions,and tomato‘Anta-T’(At)and‘Midako’(Md)were used as rootstocks.Regulation of the content of fructose,glucose and sucrose by scion and rootstock in tomato fruits at different developmental stages were found,and there was a significant interaction between scion and rootstock.At 30 d after flowering,sucrose content in fruit of Dv/At was 8.06%higher than that of Dv/Md,but there was no significant difference between La/At and La/Md.Meanwhile fructose content(16.44 mg·g-1 FW)in Dv/Md was 20.66%lower than Dv/Dv at 110 d after flowering,but there was no significant difference between La/Md and La/La.The difference of sugar content in tomato fruit with different grafting combinations was closely related to the activity of sucrose metabolic enzyme.The difference of sugar content in the early stage of fruit development of grafted tomato was mainly regulated the activity of acid invertase(AI)by scion in fruit.The difference in sugar content at late development stage was mainly due to the influence of rootstock on the activity of sucrose phosphate synthetase(SPS)and neutral invertase(NI).At the same time,nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K),calcium(Ca),magnesium(Mg)and iron(Fe)in tomato fruits with different grafting combinations were significantly different.Curve estimation analysis showed that N and P content in fruit were significantly negatively correlated with invertase activity(AI and NI),fructose and glucose,and significantly positively correlated with sucrose content.Therefore,in the process of tomato grafting to promote the quality and yield of tomato,the management of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients after grafting should be coordinated with the absorption characteristics of rootstocks,so as to avoid the decrease of sugar content and flavor of tomato fruits caused by increase of nitrogen and phosphorus absorption.