化肥配施复合微生物肥对大豆养分积累及产量和品质的影响

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Compound Microbial Fertilizer on Nutrient Accumulation,Yield,and Quality of Soybean

为了明确东北北部地区复合微生物肥对大豆生长及产量和品质的影响,于2021和2022两年选用金源55(P1)及克山1号(P2)作为供试大豆品种,设置常规施肥CK(T1)、50%氮肥+复合微生物肥(T2)、无氮肥+复合微生物肥(T3)共3个处理。对比研究不同施肥处理对大豆不同时期干物质量、养分积累量及产量的影响。结果表明:与T1处理相比,T2处理提高了大豆对氮、磷、钾的养分吸收量,两个品种中都以T2处理养分利用效率最高。复合微生物肥替代化肥处理(T2、T3)使大豆的蛋白质品质有显著提升,但对大豆脂肪含量有明显抑制效果,其中T1处理脂肪含量显著高于T2和T3处理。2021年,在金源55(P1)中,T2处理大豆产量较T1提高了13.02%,T3处理大豆产量较T1降低了9.34%。在克山1号(P2)中,T2处理大豆产量较T1提高了5.34%,T3处理大豆产量较T1降低了9.26%。2022年,金源55(P1)T2处理大豆产量较T1提高了12.60%,T3处理大豆产量较T1降低了17.23%。克山1号(P2)T2处理大豆产量较T1提高了20.43%,T3处理大豆产量较T1降低了11.41%。综上所述,两年试验表明,大豆产量与品种选用相关性较低,与施肥梯度相关性较高,大豆产量大小取决于复合微生物肥的施用量,在低量复合微生物肥施用条件下,化肥作用比较显著,反之化肥作用下降。本研究为大豆种植中复合微生物肥合理使用提供理论依据。

In order to elucidate the effects of compound microbial fertilizer on soybean growth and yield in the northern region of Northeast China,two soybean varieties,Jinyuan 55(P1)and Keshan 1(P2),were selected for the experiments conducted in 2021 and 2022.Three treatment groups were established:T1(conventional fertilization CK),T2(50%nitrogen fertilizer+complex microbial fertilizer),and T3(without nitrogen fertilizer+complex microbial fertilizer).The objective was to compare the effects of different fertilization treatments on dry matter quality,nutrient accumulation,and soybean yield at various stages,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the rational use of compound microbial fertilizer in soybean cultivation.The results indicated that,compared to the T1 treatment,the T2 treatment led to increased nutrient uptake by the soybean,particularly nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium.Furthermore,the T2 treatment exhibited the highest nutrient utilization efficiency across both soybean varieties.In contrast to the chemical fertilizer treatments(T2 and T3),the compound microbial fertilizer significantly improved the protein quality of soybeans.However,it also significantly inhibited the fat content of soybeans,with the fat content being notably higher in the T1 treatment compared to the T2 and T3 treatments.In 2021,for the Jinyuan 55(P1)variety,the soybean yield under the T2 treatment increased by 13.02%compared to the T1 treatment,while it decreased by 9.34%under the T3 treatment.Similarly,for the Keshan 1(P2)variety,the soybean yield under the T2 treatment increased by 5.34%compared to the T1 treatment,while it decreased by 9.26%under the T3 treatment.In 2022,the soybean yield of the Jinyuan 55(P1)variety under the T2 treatment was 12.60%higher than that under the T1 treatment,whereas it was 17.23%lower under the T3 treatment.For the Keshan 1(P2)variety,the soybean yield under the T2 treatment increased by 20.43%compared to the T1 treatment,while it decreased by 11.41%under the T3 treatment.To summarize,the two-year experiment revealed that soybean yield exhibited a weak correlation with variety selection but a strong correlation with the fertilization gradient.Moreover,soybean yield was dependent on the application rate of compound microbial fertilizer.Under conditions of low application rates of compound microbial fertilizer,the effect of chemical fertilizer was more pronounced;however,its efficacy diminished as the application rate of compound microbial fertilizer increased.This study provides a theoretical basis for the rational use of compound microbial fertilizer in soybean cultivation.