3D石墨烯气凝胶复合吸波材料的研究现状

Recent progress on 3D graphene aerogel based microwave absorbing materials

随着信息技术的发展,电磁污染问题日益严重,开发具有“薄、轻、宽、强”特性的高性能吸波材料成为当务之急。石墨烯高电导率、高比表面积、低密度的优良特性受到研究人员的广泛关注。为解决单一石墨烯材料易引起的阻抗失配及损耗机制单一问题,引入其他组分制备多元复合材料,改善阻抗匹配、创造多样化的损耗机制是通用的设计方案。本文简要讨论了吸波机制,分述了介电型、磁复合型、有序型、压力诱导型4个类别,并通过材料选择(金属、陶瓷、铁氧体、导电聚合物、生物质材料等)、结构设计、机制分析等角度,结合领域内近年来的研究成果,总结了石墨烯基气凝胶吸波材料的研究进展,并对未来研究方向进行展望。

With the development of information technology,electromagnetic pollution has become increasingly severe.Therefore,the development of high-performance microwave absorbing materials with"thin,light,wide,and strong"characteristics has become a top priority.Graphene's excellent properties,such as high conductivity,high specific surface area,and low density,have attracted widespread attention from researchers.To solve the problem of impedance mismatch and single loss mechanism caused by single graphene material,other components are introduced to prepare multi-component composite materials,which improve impedance matching and create diverse loss mechanisms,making it a common design solution.This paper briefly discusses the absorption mechanism,describing four categories:Dielectric type,magnetic composite type,ordered type,and pressure-induced type.Through material selection(metals,ceramics,ferrites,conductive polymers,biomass materials,etc.),structural design,mechanism analysis,and combining with recent research results in the field,the research progress of graphene aerogel based microwave absorbing materials is summarized,and future research directions are also proposed.