2021—2022年桂林地区急性呼吸道感染住院儿童病毒谱与流行特征

Virus spectrum and epidemic characteristics of hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections in Guilin area, 2021 to 2022

目的了解2021—2022年间桂林市急性呼吸道感染住院儿童病例中呼吸道病毒谱的构成, 探究不同呼吸道病毒的流行特征。方法收集2021年9月至2022年10月广西桂林市14岁以下急性呼吸道感染(acute respiratory infection, ARI)住院儿童作为研究对象, 共检测638例。采集的患儿咽拭子, 采用实时荧光逆转录-聚合酶链反应的方法进行核酸检测, 对包括不同亚型在内15种常见种或型呼吸道病毒进行筛查, 分析急性呼吸道感染住院患儿病例的病毒谱特征。结果 638例标本中, 检出包括不同亚型在内的病毒12种, 有365例至少1种或型病毒检测结果为阳性, 阳性率为57.21% (365/638), 感染两种及以上病毒检出率12.85%(82/638)。不同季节的病毒检出率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.002)。不同年龄组样本的病毒阳性检出率以0~2岁组最高(40.66%), 其次为3~5岁组(34.80%)和≥6岁组(24.54%)。结论 2021年9月至2022年10月期间, 12种呼吸道病毒在桂林地区存在流行, 具有明显的夏季高峰特点, 提示当地夏季时应重点针对可能会引起儿童急性呼吸道感染流行的病原体采取相应的防控措施, 以防控呼吸道感染传播与流行。

Objective To understand the composition of respiratory virus spectrum in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Guilin City from 2021 to 2022,and to explore the epidemic characteristics of different respiratory viruses.Methods Information of a total of 638 hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections(ARI)syndrome under the age of 14 years in Guilin city,Guangxi from September 2021 to October 2022 was collected as research data.The collected pharyngeal swabs from pediatric patients were subjected to real-time fluorescence reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for nucleic acid testing,screening for 15 common respiratory viruses,and analyzing the virus spectrum characteristics of hospitalized pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections.Results Among the 638 specimens,365 were tested positive for at least one virus,with a positive rate of 57.21%(365/638).The detection rate for two or more viruses was 12.85%(82/638).There were 12 types of viruses detected,and the difference in virus detection rates among different seasons was statistically significant(P<0.002).The virus positive detection rate of samples from different age groups was the highest in the 0-2-year old group(40.66%),followed by the 3-5-year old group(34.80%)and the 6-year and older group(24.54%).Conclusions During the period from September 2021 to October 2022,all 12 respiratory viruses were prevalent in Guilin area,with obvious summer peak as characteristics.It is suggested that corresponding prevention and control measures should be focused on pathogens that may cause acute respiratory infections in children during the local summer to prevent and control the spread and prevalence of respiratory infections.