白朴及其词批评辨疑——以《四库全书总目·天籁集》提要为中心

Four Criticisms of Bai Pu and his Ci Criticism——Centered on the Tian Lai Ji Synopsis of The General Catalogue of Si Ku Quan Shu

《四库全书总目》从四个层面形成了对白朴及其词批评的一次官学定位,但其金代遗民身份的确立,既缺乏文学作品依据,也不符合词人“情志”的事实;在《天籁集》版本流传上,刻意营造“世久失传”“沉晦百年”的传播状况;词作风格上含糊不清、模棱两可的界定,为后人的理解制造了困惑;在词史定位上,过分夸大白朴的词学成就,将其塑造为承接宋元词坛的最重要的过渡性词人。《总目》对白朴其人及词的重视在于“钦定”之用,即借着文学批评之机评判文人、划定朝代归属,既而完成对文学史的建构,且尽可能扩大金代文学的内容和分量。其原发性问题在于,借树立民族文化自信,以达到对本民族的文化认同,进而为维护清王朝统治的合理性和牢固性找到充足的依据和理由,由此实现政治对文学的深度介入。

The General Catalogue of Si Ku Quan Shuformed an official orientation for Bai Pu and his Ci criticism from four aspects.However,the establishment of Bai Pu's Jin loyalist not only lack the basis of literary works,and it also does not accord with the historical fact of the poet's sentiment.The version of Tian Lai Ji's spread,deliberately fabricating the“long lost”“dark hundred”transmission;the ambiguous definition of Ci writing style creates confusion for the understanding of later generations;in terms of the position of Ci history,Bai Pu's achievements in Ci were overstated,and he was shaped as the most important transitional Ci writer in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.The commendation to Bai Pu and his Ci in General because of the use of“imperial determination”,that is,to judge the literati and define the dynasty by literary criticism,and complete the construction of the history of literature.and the content and weight of Jin Dynasty literature are expanded as much as possible.The primary problem lies in the establishment of national cultural self-confidence and the achievement of national cultural identity.In order to maintain the rationality and firmness of the Qing Dynasty,we can find sufficient grounds and reasons to realize the deep involvement of politics in literature.