“抗战意志论”与战时写作的文本裂隙——以沈从文《战国策》派时期的写作为中心

“Anti-Japanese War Will Theory”and the Text Crack of Wartime Writing:Centered on Shen Congwen's Writing during the Zhangguoce School

全面抗战时期,围绕抗战建国的时代召唤,沈从文生成了一种隐性的“抗战意志论”思想观念。“抗战意志论”有两个层面:国家意志和生命意志。国家意志的观念对应《战国策》派“大政治”主张下“民族至上、国家至上”的抗战现实;生命意志的观念接续沈从文对生命存在本体的抒情化思考。“抗战意志论”是一种将民族国家存亡和个人生命重造二者结合,用来指导文学写作,表现理想人生的“有情”的观念创造。“抗战意志论”作为抗战建国的观念自有其历史与现实合理性,但与沈从文的创作个性不相符合,表之于小说写作中出现人物、叙事节奏、叙述重心等方面的裂隙或者矛盾,体现出别样的艺术审美特质。“抗战意志论”折射出沈从文观念写作与个性写作的龃龉,也必然导致其以寓言体、主观抒情和传奇故事等方式复归“抽象的抒情”的个性创作并修正战时文学路径,继续书写其对生命、理想、人性等抽象对象的表达。也因此,在战时文学写作版图中,沈从文逐渐成为一位不合时宜的被划为“与抗战无关”的孤独的思索者。其实,历史并非这么简单。

During the all-around war against Japan aggression,Shen Congwen developed a recessive ideology of“Anti-Japanese War Will Theory”.There are two levels:the national will and the life will.The concept of national will corresponds to the reality of the anti Japanese war of“nation supremacy and country supremacy”under the“great politics”advocated by the Zhangguoce School.The concept of life will follows Shen Congwen's lyrical thinking on the ontology of life existence.It is a kind of“emotional”concept creation that combines the survival of the nation and the survival of the country with the reconstruction of personal life to guide literary writing and express the ideal life.It is inconsistent with Shen Congwen's creative personality,which indicates that there will be cracks or contradictions in characters,narrative rhythm,narrative focus in the novel writing.It reflects the discord between Shen Congwen's conceptual writing and his personality writing,which will inevitably lead him to return to the“abstract lyric”personality creation in the form of allegory,subjective lyric and legendary stories,and revise the path of wartime literature.