梵汉对音研究中值得关注的几个问题

Some Issues in the Study of Sanskrit-Chinese Transcriptions

梵汉对音对研究汉语古音有重要价值,回顾百年来的梵汉对音研究,本文认为未来有以下一些话题值得特别关注。第一,早期汉译佛典源语言和译经对音研究互为表里,应正视既有研究取得的有益成果及存在的问题,将二者有机结合起来。第二,译经对音资料有助于探讨汉语史上的方言差异,古代西北方音的来源是其中的重要课题。第三,宋辽译经对音可能深受唐代不空学派的影响,因此有必要重新审视这些资料,理清译音的历史层次。第四,在确定译经所用汉语的归属时,需要将历史文献和现代方音结合起来,也要注意译者群体的语言背景。

The study of Sanskrit-Chinese transcriptions is valuable for the research of Chinese historical phonology.This paper reviews previous studies on Sanskrit-Chinese transcriptional corpus in the past century and points out several issues that deserve particular attention in the future.Firstly,in terms of early Chinese translations of Buddhist scriptures,the study of source languages and the study of transcriptional corpus are closely correlated.It is important to acknowledge the achievements and problems of previous research,and these two aspects should be integrated.Secondly,the transcriptional corpus can contribute to the exploration of dialectal differences in the history of Chinese,especially the origin of ancient Northwestern Chinese phonology.Thirdly,the Buddhist transcriptions in the Song and Liao dynasties may have been deeply influenced by the Amoghavajra school in the Tang Dynasty.Therefore,it is necessary to reexamine these materials and clarify historical strata of the phonetic renderings in this period.Fourthly,when determining the classification of the Chinese language used in the translations of Buddhist scriptures,it is important to combine historical literature and modern dialects.Additionally,linguistic backgrounds of the group of translators should be noticed.