新疆地区伴瘙痒症状的大疱性类天疱疮患者血清中细胞因子检测

Cytokine Detection in the Serum of Patients with Bullous Pemphigoid Combined with Itching Symptoms in Xinjiang Region

目的检测大疱性类天疱疮(BP)患者血液中2型炎症相关细胞因子IL-5、IL-31、IL-4、IL-13水平,结合患者临床特征及免疫学指标分析瘙痒发生的机制及其对治疗的影响,为治疗选择提供理论依据。方法收集2021年12月—2022年10月合并瘙痒症状的类天疱疮患者血液标本45例,同时收集健康对照血液标本24例。通过酶联免疫吸附方法测定IL-4、IL-13、IL-5和IL-31表达水平。采用Spearman双变量相关性分析细胞因子与疾病严重程度、瘙痒症状及临床指标的关系。结果活动期BP患者血清中IL-5、IL-13和IL-31水平均显著高于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);BP患者血清IL-5、IL-13、IL-31与患者瘙痒程度呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.306、0.323、0.357(P<0.05);其中IL-5水平还与患者外周血嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)水平、抗BP180抗体水平呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.311、0.306(P<0.05);IL-5、IL-4、IL-13、IL-31均与血清总IgE水平、病情严重程度及抗BP230抗体水平无相关性(P>0.05)。结论BP患者血清中的IL-5、IL-13和IL-31的表达水平显著增加,并且与临床瘙痒症状呈正相关,表明2型炎症因子参与BP发病及瘙痒的发生,患者血清中IL-5、IL-13和IL-31的水平可做为评估BP患者临床疗效的监测指标。

Objective To detect the expression levels of type 2 inflammatory cytokines IL⁃5,IL⁃31,IL⁃4,and IL⁃13 in the blood of patients with bullous pemphigoid,and to provide theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of the disease and the occurrence of itching based on the analysis of clinical data and the expression of immunological indicators.Methods Collect blood samples from 45 pemphigus patients with itching symptoms from December 2021 to October 2022,and 24 healthy control blood samples.The expression levels of IL⁃4,IL⁃13,IL⁃5,and IL⁃31 were measured using enzyme⁃linked immunosorbent assay.The relationship between cytokines and disease severity,itching symptoms,and clinical indicators was analyzed using Spearman bivariate correlation analysis.Results The levels of IL⁃5,IL⁃13,and IL⁃31 in the serum of active BP patients were significantly higher than those of the healthy control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.001);The serum levels of IL⁃5,IL⁃13,and IL⁃31 in BP patients were positively correlated with the degree of itching,with correlation coefficients of 0.306,0.323,and 0.357,respectively(P<0.05);The IL⁃5 level is also positively correlated with the patient′s peripheral blood EOS level and anti BP180 antibody level,with correlation coefficients of 0.311 and 0.306,respectively(P<0.05);IL⁃5,IL⁃4,IL⁃13,and IL⁃31 were not correlated with serum total IgE levels,severity of the condition,and anti BP230 antibody levels(P>0.05).Conclusion The expression levels of IL⁃5,IL⁃13,and IL⁃31 in the serum of BP patients significantly increased,and were positively correlated with clinical itching symptoms,indicating that type 2 inflammation cytokines is involved in the pathogenesis of BP and the occurrence of itching.The levels of IL⁃5,IL⁃13,and IL⁃31 in the serum of patients can be used as monitoring indicators to evaluate the clinical efficacy of BP patients.