被歧视部落女性的历史创伤与中上健次的娼妓书写

The Historical Trauma of Buraku Women and the Prostitution Writing in Kenji Nakagami's Novels

日本被歧视部落女性是日本近代社会中最弱势的女性群体之一,在多重压迫体系的共同作用下,大量部落女性沦为近代公娼制度的牺牲品,她们的生存困境和生命创伤在主流话语的遮蔽下湮没无闻。1976年芥川文学奖的得主中上健次(1946-1992)就出身于日本和歌山县新宫市的被歧视部落,他通过建构“路地”文学世界重现了被日本近代文学所排除的被歧视空间,中上健次在多部小说中塑造了在近代公娼制度背景之下沦为娼妓的部落女性人物,有效填补了这一边缘群体的历史经验在日本文学史中的缺席,构成了修正国家叙事的对抗性话语。通过部落民娼妓人物的塑造,中上健次揭露了近代公娼制度背后权力机制的运作方式,表达出对遭受制度性性迫害的底层女性生命价值的肯定。

Buraku women in Japan are one of the most vulnerable female groups in modern Japanese society.Under the combined action of multiple oppression systems,a large number of buraku women were reduced to victims of the modern stateregulated prostitution system.Under the shelter of mainstream discourse,the survival plight and life trauma of buraku women were lost.Kenji Nakagami(1946-1992),the winner of the Akutagawa Prize in 1976,was born into the discriminated community of buraku in Shingu City,Wakayama Prefecture,Japan.He reconstructed the discriminated space that was excluded from modern Japanese literature by constructing the world of'Roji'.Kenji Nakagami created in many of his novels the buraku women characters who became prostitutes under the background of the modern state-regulated prostitution system.This effectively filled the absence of a historical experience for this marginal group in the history of Japan literature.It also constituted the confrontational discourse to revise the national narratives.By shaping the buraku women characters,Kenji Nakagami reveals the operational mode of the power mechanism behind the modern state-regulated prostitution system.In this way,he expresses concern and affirmation for the life value of buraku women at the bottom who are subjected to institutional persecution.