低劣青梅园高接换种成效调查与关键技术

Effect Investigation and Key Techniques of Top Grafting for Good Cultivars in InferiorGreen Plum Orchard

【目的】为了解决永泰县老梅园、低劣梅园的产能低下问题,选择高接换种方法以实现低劣青梅园的品种改良更新,提高生产效益。【方法】选择龙眼梅、广东梅、白粉梅、软枝大粒梅等4个青梅品种为接穗,对低劣青梅园进行高接换种,再分别对接穗成活率调查、果实性状观察以及产量测定。【结果】嫁接砧木树树龄越小,嫁接成活率越高;4个高接换种青梅品种的果实横径、纵径、可食率、可溶性固形物含量都明显高于对照羊屎梅,抗黑星病明显增强,产量和产值也明显得以提升。【结论】低劣青梅园能通过高接换成高产优质品种,总结了高接换种关键技术,可为生产提供参考。

【Objective】In order to solve the problems of low production capacity in old and inferior plum orchard in Yongtai County,top grafting for good cultivars was used to realize cultivar improvement and renewal in these orchards and improve production benefits.【Method】The branches of four green plum cultivars‘Lonyanmei’,‘Guangdongmei’,‘Baifenmei’and‘Ruanzhidalimei’were used as scions for top grafting in inferior plum orchards.The survival rate of grating was investigated,fruit characters were observed and yield was measured.【Result】Low tree age of stock could result in high survival rate of grating.Fruit longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,edible rate and soluble solids content of four green plum cultivars were significantly higher than that of‘Yangshimei’as control.The resistance to black star disease,yield and output was obviously improved.【Conclusion】In the inferior green plum orchard,top grafting could achieve the substitution of high yield and good fruit quality cultivars.The paper summarized key techniques of top grafting for good cultivars and could provide references for growers.