尤溪县柑橘介壳虫的发生情况及综合防控技术

Occurrence and Integrated Control Technology of Scale Insects on Citrus in Youxi County

柑橘是福建尤溪的优势特色果树之一,近年来受介壳虫危害较重,产业发展受阻。通过调查发现尤溪县柑橘介壳虫盛发期为4-6月和9-11月,2个发生高峰期在5月和10月,种类包含矢尖蚧、褐圆蚧、橘臀纹粉蚧、长尾粉蚧、日本龟蜡蚧、角蜡蚧和吹绵蚧等7种。柑橘介壳虫的防控是一项综合、绿色、可持续的过程,其中农业防治是基础,可从合理密植修剪、免疫诱抗和套种生草方面着手;物理防治直接、有效,可利用粘虫胶带实现监测与防控并举;生物防治安全、有效且持久,可应用天敌昆虫和施用生物农药;化学防治不可缺少,可适当使用高效、低风险的化学农药。

Citrus is one of the dominant characteristic fruit trees in Youxi county,Fujian Province.In recent years,scale insects have caused serious damage to the citrus and hindered the development of local citrus industry.Through investigation,it was found that the high occurrence stages of citrus scale insects in Youxi County were from April to June and from September to November,with two peak periods in May and October,respectively.And the species of citrus scale insects included Unaspis yanonensis,Chrysomphalus aonidum,Planococcus citri,Pseudococcus adonidum,Ceroplastes japonica,Ceroplastes ceriferus and Icerya purchasi.The control of these scale insects is an integrated,green and sustainable process.Agricultural control is the basis,which mainly including reasonable close planting and pruning,immune induction and grass interplanting.Physical control is direct and effective,and the adhesive shellac belt can be used to monitor and control main scale insects simultaneously.Biological control is safe,effective and persistent,and natural enemy insects and biological pesticides can be applied.Chemical control is indispensable,and efficient and low-risk chemical pesticides can be used appropriately.