鼠李糖脂去除多环芳烃、石油烃及重金属的应用研究进展

Research Progress on Application of Rhamnolipids to Remove Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals

鼠李糖脂是一类重要的生物表面活性剂,与传统化学表面活性剂相比,它具有更优异的表面活性和生物活性,在环境修复、石油开采等领域被广泛应用。它可通过溶解/乳化、促进微生物降解等方式去除多环芳烃、石油烃,通过络合、离子交换、静电和反离子结合作用去除重金属。本文就鼠李糖脂特性,其对多环芳烃、石油烃及重金属的污染修复、复合污染物修复及其他修复技术进行了概述;此外,对鼠李糖脂修复污染土壤未来研究方向进行了展望。

Rhamnolipids are an important type of biosurfactants.Compared with traditional chemical surfactants,rhamnolipids have better surface and biological activities,and are widely used in many fields,such as environmental remediation,oil recovery and other fields.Rhamnolipids can remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and petroleum hydrocarbons by solubilizing or emulsifying,promote the process of microbial degradation,and remove heavy metals by complexation,ion exchange,electrostatic interaction and counter ion binding.The characteristics of rhamnolipids,the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals by rhamnolipids,the remediation of complex pollutants and other remediation technologies were summarized.In addition,the future research direction of rhamnolipids for remediation of contaminated soils was prospected.