民族志动画中的跨越“在场”与记忆“再现”——基于湘西苗族仙娘仪式影像的实践反思

Transcending the“Presence”for Memory“Representation”in the Ethnographic Animation:Reflection on the Video-making Practice of Xian Niang Rituals of the Miao People in Western Hunan

文化记忆是一个民族凝聚群体、实现文化认同的重要内核,其中族群仪式作为一种具体的文化行为深嵌于特定的社会情景场域,对集体记忆和文化记忆的构筑起到关键作用,一直是人类学研究的重要议题。民族志动画通过一套特别的视觉媒介符号体系进行知识生产与意义呈现,在表达回忆、经历等抽象经验方面可跨越“在场”时空屏障,为新时代的影视人类学提供新的范式实验和新的模态可能。基于湘西苗族仙娘仪式影像实践,通过与文化持有者开展互为主体性合作和反身性对话,可生成饱含原住民真切情感的民族志动画影像文本,在影像志的“抒写”中实现仪式记忆的“再现”与族群文化记忆的表达。

experience such as memory and experiences,thus providing new paradigm experiments and modal possibilities for film and television anthropology in the new era.Based on the video-making of“Xian Niang”rituals of the Miao people in western Hunan province in China,we conducted mutual subjective cooperation and reflexive dialogues with cultural holders,finally producing an animated video full of true feelings of the indigenous people,which realizes the“representation”of ritual memory and the expression of ethnic culture memory through video ethnography.