电影绵延:观众注意对电影时间的知觉建构

Film Duration:The Role of Audience Attention in the Perceptual Construction of Film Time

电影时间的知觉问题是电影研究中的重要议题之一,而电影绵延是观众对电影时间的一种典型知觉体验。德勒兹曾对影像的时间绵延作出论述,然而并未从观众意识活动的角度剖析其发生动因;回到观影的实践中,观众的注意在电影绵延的显现过程中起到奠基作用。原理上,电影利用时间延续现象将绵延影像化,观众的注意则经由时间滞留构造和显现电影时间的绵延体验。具体而言,电影长镜头以行动、关系和情境的运动为线索制造绵延影像,观众的注意通过参与众多生命状态的同时在场建构起绵延体验;电影中的静态叙事则以缓慢与留白的日常为表现对象营造时间延续的影像,观众的注意在意识状态的重复中捕捉绵延感。

The perception of film time is an important issue in film studies,and film duration is a typical perceptual experience of film time for the audience.Deleuze discussed the time duration of images,but he did not analyze the dynamics of its occurrence from the perspective of the audience’s consciousness activity;back to the reality of film viewing,the audience’s attention plays a fundamental role in the emergence of film duration.In principle,films take advantage of the phenomenon of time duration to visualize the duration,while the audience’s attention constructs and reveals the experience of film duration through time delays.Specifically,long shots take the movements of actions,relationships and situations as clues to create images of duration,while the audience’s attention constructs the experience of duration by participating in the simultaneous presence of many states of life;the static narrative in the film uses slow-paced daily routines with white space as forms of expression to create images of duration,while the audience’s attention captures the sense of duration in the repetition of states of consciousness.