影响月季花瓣呈色的理化因子及花色苷组分分析

Physicochemical characteristics and anthocyanin components affecting the color of rose petals

【目的】通过对影响月季花瓣呈色的各理化因子的定量评价及其相关性分析,探讨月季花色的形成机理,可为花色育种提供理论参考和受体品种,对于探究花色形成机理和种质创新具有重要意义。【方法】以8个不同花色的月季品种为试验材料,分别对其花瓣颜色参数、细胞液pH值、金属离子含量、总花色苷含量、总黄酮含量和总叶绿素含量等理化指标进行测定和比较,并对花色苷组分进行定量分析。【结果】(1)不同花色月季的理化因子间存在显著差异,其中细胞液pH值、Fe^(3+)、Ca^(2+)、Al^(3+)含量以及总花色苷、总黄酮含量等因子与花瓣颜色的形成密切相关,总花色苷含量和总黄酮含量的变化起直接作用,金属离子及细胞液pH值等因素通过改变花色素结构来影响花色。(2)不同花色月季花瓣中所含有的花色苷组分不同。其中,矢车菊素-3,5-葡萄糖苷在月季中占主体地位,主要调控紫红色花朵的形成;其次是天竺葵素-3,5-葡萄糖苷,其主要调控橙色、红色花朵的形成。黄色花朵中花色苷含量很少,主要受类胡萝卜素的调控;橙色花朵受花色苷和类胡萝卜素的双重调控;白色花朵中几乎不含有花色苷。芦丁在8个月季品种中均大量存在,但与花瓣形成无显著相关关系。(3)对8种月季花瓣中花色苷组分进行聚类分析时发现,粉紫色品种‘薰衣草花环’以极高的芦丁含量和少量的花色苷含量始终单独聚为一类。【结论】花色苷的种类和含量直接影响月季的花色,黄酮类物质则辅助花色苷的形成,而细胞液pH值、Fe^(3+)、Ca^(2+)、Al^(3+)含量等因子间接影响花色。在8个月季品种中,粉紫色品种‘薰衣草花环’以其优异的花色苷组分及较高的细胞液pH成为最适合进行花色改良的受体品种。

[Objective]This study aims to explore the mechanism of flower color formation in rose and to provide references and receptor cultivars for flower breeding by quantitative evaluation and correlation analysis of the physicochemical factors affecting coloration of rose petals.There is of great significance for exploring the mechanism of flower color formation and germplasm innovation.[Methods]8 cultivars of rose with different flower colors were used as experimental materials to measure and compare the physicochemical indexes such as petal color parameter,pH value of petal cells,metal ion content,total anthocyanin content,total flavonoids content,and total chlorophyll content,etc.,and the anthocyanin components were quantitatively analyzed.[Results](1)There were significant differences between the physicochemical factors of different flower color of roses,among which the factors such as pH value of petal cells,Fe^(3+),Ca^(2+)and Al^(3+)content,total anthocyanin content,and total flavonoid content were closely related to the formation of petal color,but the changes in the content of total flavonoids and total anthocyanin played direct roles,and the factors such as metal ions and pH value of petal cells affected the flower color by changing the structure of anthocyanidin.(2)The components of anthocyanins in petals of different roses were different.Among them,cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside dominated in the roses and mainly regulated the formation of purplish-red flowers;followed by pelargonidin-3,5-diglucoside,which mainly regulated the formation of orange and red flowers.Yellow flowers contained very little anthocyanin and were mainly regulated by carotenoids.Orange flowers were dually regulated by both anthocyanin and carotenoids,while white flowers contained almost no anthocyanin.Rutin was abundant in all 8 rose cultivars,but there was no significant correlation with petal formation.(3)Cluster analysis of anthocyanin components in 8 rose petals revealed that the pink-purple cultivar‘Lavender Flower Circus’was always clustered in a separate group with high rutin content and small anthocyanin content.[Conclusion]The type and content of anthocyanins directly affect flower color of rose,and flavonoids assist the formation of anthocyanin.Factors such as pH value of petal cells,Fe^(3+),Ca^(2+)and Al^(3+)content indirectly affect flower color.Among the 8 selected cultivars of rose,the pink-purple cultivar‘Lavender Flower Circus’is the most suitable recipient cultivar for flower color improvement due to its excellent anthocyanin composition and high pH value in petal cells.