论拉达克国王策旺纳木扎勒与清廷的关系——以乾隆朝满文档案《叶尔羌办事大臣期成额等奏图伯特伯克策旺纳木扎勒遣使呈报爱乌罕屯兵事宜折》为中心

On the Relationship between Ts'ewang Namjal, King Ladakh,and the Central Government of the Qing Dynasty

本文通过乾隆朝满文档案《叶尔羌办事大臣期成额等奏图伯特伯克策旺纳木扎勒遣使呈报爱乌罕屯兵事宜折》为中心,结合现有藏学研究成果,首先对拉达克王国地域界定进行简要阐述;其次考述策旺纳木扎勒的身份;再次对满文文献内记载的有关策旺纳木扎勒通过叶尔羌办事大臣处与清廷的互动进行梳理,并对一些人名、地名等进行考证;最后论证总结乾隆朝清廷在处理与拉达克国王及王国关系问题上的基本准则。笔者认为,通过以乾隆朝满文档案为基础,挖掘、分析、论证文献内记载的珍贵历史线索,研究乾隆朝拉达克王国与清廷的关系,对于今天我国在处理与周边国家和地区,尤其是涉及与中亚、南亚关系等方面,仍具有重要的历史价值和战略意义。

Based on the contents of the Manchu archives during the reign of Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty,"Record of the Yarkand's Minister of Handing Affairs Qi Cheng'e et al.Sending an Envoy to Report the Deployment of Troops in Aiohan by Tubet Burke Tsewang Namjal",combined with the existing Tibetan research results,this paper first briefly expounds the regional definition of Ladakh Kingdom,and then examines the identity of Ts'ewang Namjal;Thirdly,it combs the interaction between Ts'ewang Namjal and the central government of the Qing Dynasty through the Yeerqiang office recorded in Manchu documents,and makes textual researches on some people's names and place names;Finally,it demonstrates and summarizes the basic norms of the central government during the reign of Emperor Qianlong in dealing with the relationship with the king and kingdom of Ladakh.The author believes that,based on the Manchu archives during the reign of Emperor Qianlong,excavating,analyzing and demonstrating the precious historical lines recorded in the documents,and studying the relationship between the Ladakh kingdom and the central government during the reign of Emperor Qianlong,remain to have important historical value and strategic significance for today's China in dealing with its relations with neighboring countries and regions,especially with central and South Asia.