刘锦棠与金顺关系考述——晚清新疆官员关系个案探析

Exploring the Relationship between Liu Jintang and Jin Shun—A Case Study of Relations between Officials in Xinjiang in the Late Qing Dynasty

抚、军关系一直是晚清新疆治理中的一个重要问题,首任巡抚刘锦棠与伊犁将军金顺的关系演变多有其特殊性。刘锦棠与金顺相识于金积堡战役,此后在稳定新疆北部局势中有着多次密切合作。两人的分歧起源于乌垣城敌粮分配不均,且未能化解,经过大河沿防务与伊犁善后分歧之争,两者关系破裂。新疆建省后,刘锦棠向清廷揭露金顺在伊犁营勇哗变及大西沟匪患问题上的谎报、瞒报行为,致使金顺被迫离任。两者关系的逐步变化受多重因素影响,新疆政治局势的变化是导致刘锦棠与金顺关系逐步恶化的关键,清廷在处理双方分歧时的不当措施、西北官场局势及人物性格影响了两者关系走向。

The relationship between the Xinjiang governor and the Ili general has been a major issue in the governance of Xinjiang in the late Qing Dynasty,and the evolution of the relationship between Liu Jintang,the first governor,and Jin Shun,the Ili general,has its unique characteristics.Liu Jintang and Jin Shun had met at the Battle of Jinjibao and worked closely together many times since then in stabilizing northern Xinjiang.The disagreement between the two men started with the unequal distribution of grain from the spoils of war in Urumqi and it could not be resolved.The dispute over the defense of the Daheyan region and the rebuilding of Ili,further led to a breakdown in their relations.After the establishment of Xinjiang as a province,Liu Jintang revealed to the Qing court that Jin Shun had lied and concealed information on the mutiny of the Ili battalion and the banditry in Daxigou,which forced Jin Shun to resign.A variety of factors influenced the change in their relationship.The change of the political situation in Xinjiang was the key to the gradual deterioration of the relationship between Liu Jintang and Jin Shun.The improper measures taken by the Qing government in dealing with the dispute between the two sides,the situation in the northwest officialdom and the characters'personalities influenced the direction of their relationship as well.