永乐至宣德时期明朝郡县安南新论

A New Perspective on Annan County in Yongle to Xuande Period of Ming Dynasty

明成祖时,因胡季犛的篡位以及明安边境的纠纷而导致两国矛盾冲突激化,从而有明朝征伐安南并将其重新设为郡县之举,并对安南进行了为期二十年的直接统治。然而由于明朝治理政策的失误,导致安南不断反抗明朝的统治。自明宣宗以后,鉴于安南自身强烈的独立意识以及明朝对统治安南利弊的权衡,明朝便决定放弃对安南的直接统治。笔者认为,明成祖在征安南前后便已经做出了郡县安南的决定;明朝郡县安南的原因除了明成祖的个人因素外,还包括对传统“天下观”和“春秋大义”的维护,以及中原王朝“安南情结”的影响。但这一行为已经背离了“兴灭继绝”的初衷,违背了藩属体系的原则,并在本质上体现了双方对“华夷”身份的不同定位。

In the Ming dynasty,the usurpation of Hu Jiyak and the border disputes between the two countries led to the intensification of conflicts,so that the Ming government invaded Annan and re-established it as a county,and conducted direct rule over Annan for 20 years.However,due to the mistakes of the Ming governance policy,Annam constantly rebelled against the Ming's ruling.After Xuanzong's reign of the Ming dynasty,in view of Annan's strong sense of independence and the Ming's balance of advantages and disadvantages of ruling Annan,the Ming dynasty decided to give up direct rule over Annan.The author believes that Mingchengzu had already made the decision of Annan county before and after the conquest of it;In addition to the personal factors of Ming Chengzu,the reasons for establishing Annan as a county in Ming dynasty also include the maintenance of the traditional“view of the world”and“great justice of the Spring and Autumn Period”,and the influence of the Central Plains dynasties'“Annan complex”.However,this behavior has deviated from the original intention of“flourishing the faded and reviving the extinct”,violated the principle of the vassal system,and reflected the different positioning of the identity of“Huayi”on both sides in essence.