平台数据垄断的规制纾困——基于三权分置的视角分析

Regulatory Relief of Platform Data Monopoly——Analysis from the Perspective of the Separation of Three Rights

作为新型生产要素,数据具有非竞争性、非消耗性等特点,不仅对传统产权认定与流通造成挑战,还能促使平台将数据优势转化为市场竞争优势,进而提高市场进入壁垒,引发包括算法共谋、算法价格歧视、平台扼杀式并购以及平台封禁等在内的数据垄断。在加快建设全国统一大市场背景下,为了促进数据要素流通、发挥市场在数据资源配置中的决定性作用,亟待明确数据产权的基本内涵与边界。“三权分置”的数据产权定位可以促进数据合规高效流通使用,更能明确数据权属,维护数字市场的竞争秩序,是当前破解数据垄断的有效思路。在具体路径方面,应厘清反垄断语境下的数据资源持有权、数据加工使用权和数据产品经营权的权利内涵,同时细化平台互联互通义务的边界,并完善数据垄断下的用户隐私保护规则。

As a new factor of production,data is non competitive and non expendable,which not only challenges the recognition and circulation of traditional property rights,but also urges the platform to transform its data advantages into market competitive advantages,thereby raising the barriers to market entry and triggering data monopoly,including algorithmic collusion,algorithmic price discrimination,platform stranglehold mergers and acquisitions,and platform bans.In the context of accelerating the construction of a unified national market,in order to promote the circulation of data elements and play a decisive role in the allocation of data resources,it is urgent to clarify the basic connotation and boundaries of data property rights.The positioning of“three rights separation”data property rights can promote the efficient circulation and use of data compliance,clarify data ownership,and maintain the competitive order of the digital market.It is currently an effective approach to crack data monopoly.In terms of specific paths,it is necessary to clarify the rights and connotations of data resource ownership,data processing and usage rights,and data product management rights in the context of antitrust,while refining the boundaries of platform interconnection obligations and improving user privacy protection rules under data monopoly.