能源技术进步与区域专业化——特高压输电工程的视角

Energy Technology Progress and Regional Specialization:From the Perspective of UHV Transmission Project

基于2003—2020年中国285个地级市数据,以特高压输电工程为切入点,研究能源技术进步对区域专业化的影响及作用机制。结果显示:以特高压输电技术为代表的能源技术进步显著提升了区域专业化水平,具体而言,较没有特高压输电项目城市,配备特高压输电工程城市的专业化水平提升约1.09%,且该效应在中小城市、资源丰富城市和内陆地区更强;在考虑样本选择偏差、基期分工水平、调整指标测度、剔除极端值并进行安慰剂检验和倾向得分匹配后,该结果依然稳健;进一步的机制分析表明,特高压建设所表征的能源技术进步通过激发资源禀赋的比较优势、生产的集聚效应来促进地区专业化。继续扩大特高压输电规模,合理实施区域专业化,互通有无、取长补短,对促进区域协调发展具有重要意义。

Based on data from 285 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2020,this paper focuses on the impact and mechanisms of energy technology progress on regional specialization,using UHV transmission projects as the starting point.The empirical results show that the progress of energy technology represented by UHV transmission technology has significantly improved the level of regional specialization in China.Specifically,cities without ultra-high voltage transmission projects experienced an approximate 1.09%increase in the level of specialization when compared to cities equipped with such projects.Furthermore,this effect is stronger in small and medium-sized cities,resource-rich cities,and inland regions.And the results remain robust after accounting for sample selection bias,base period division levels,adjusting for indicator measures,excluding extreme values,and placebo tests and propensity score matching.Further mechanistic analysis indicate that the energy technology progress characterized by the construction of UHV promotes regional specialization by stimulating the comparative advantage of resource endowments and the agglomeration effect of production.This paper argues that it is of great significance to promote regional coordinated development to continue to expand the scale of UHV transmission,reasonably implement regional specialization,exchange needed goods and learn from each other’s strong points to make up for their weaknesses.