《战国策》异文考辨两则——兼谈俗写中偏旁增减与汉字音义关系

Textual Research on Two Different Texts in Zhan'guo Ce(《战国策》)——The Relationship Between Radical Addition/Deletion and Chinese Character Sound-Meaning

《战国策》不同版本间存在大量异文,前人校勘不尽一致,现拈出两则略作考辨:“以廧于齐”之“(?)”有保卫义,异文“啬”是省旁所致;“四封不廉”之“廉”当是“兼”增旁而来,异文“侵”可证其义。两则异文均涉及汉字俗写中偏旁的增减,这一现象有时会导致同形字的产生,为文献阅读带来障碍。异文作为不同版本采用不同文字表达同一语义的产物,恰可为同形字的区分提供线索。

There exist numerous variant texts among different versions of Zhan'guo Ce.Previous studies on these words have inconsistent condusions.We have singled out two sets of words for investigation:"Qiang”(廧)in"Yi Qiang Yu Qi"(以廧于齐)means defend,and the different text"Qiang"(啬)is caused by the omission of radical.The"Lian"(廉)of"Si Feng Bu Lian"(四封不廉)is the result of adding radical to"Jian"(兼),the different text"Qin"(侵)confirms this meaning.These two sets of different texts involve the addition or deletion of the radical of Chinese characters,which can lead to the homonyms,bringing obstacles to ancient books reading.The different texts,as products of different versions using different words to express the same meaning,can provide clues for distinguishing between homographs.