我国简易破产程序法律构建的路径选择——以49份地方法院关于简易破产的规范文件为样本

The path selection of legal construction of summary bankruptcy procedures——Take a sample of 49 district court normative documents on summary bankruptcy

随着市场经济的发展,市场主体的高效退出机制变得尤为重要,这就对简易破产程序提出了迫切需求。出于实践需要,我国地方法院积极试行简易破产程序并积累了有益经验,但实践中仍存在各地破产案件审理的相关规则不统一以及诸多规定缺乏现实可行性等问题,需从国家立法层面统一并完善简易破产程序相关规则。简易破产程序的立法应以提升破产案件办理质效、加强对当事人的权利保障、降低破产成本、维护公权与私权的平衡为其目标追求。未来《破产法》的修订,需以问题为导向,在正确价值目标指导下,着重在简易破产程序的适用条件与范围、审判制度、程序启动方式、债权人会议及管理人选任、审理期限等方面对简易破产程序进行具体且统一的法律构建。

With the development of market economy,efficient exit mechanisms for market entities have become particularly important,which poses an urgent need for summary bankruptcy procedures.Due to practical needs,local courts in China have actively tried summary bankruptcy procedures and accumulated useful experience.However,there are still problems in practice,such as inconsistent rules for the trial of bankruptcy cases in various regions and a lack of practical feasibility in many regulations.It is necessary to unify and improve the relevant rules of summary bankruptcy procedures from the national legislative level.The legislation of summary bankruptcy procedures should aim to improve the quality and efficiency of handling bankruptcy cases,strengthen the protection of the rights of the parties,reduce bankruptcy costs,and maintain a balance between public and private rights.The revision of the Bankruptcy Law in the future should be problem oriented,guided by correct value goals,and focus on the specific and unified legal construction in terms of the applicable conditions and scope,trial system,procedural commencement,creditor meeting and administrator selection,trial period,etc.