中老年人群黄斑变性的影响因素研究

Influencing factors of macular degeneration in middle-aged and elderly populations

目的了解中老年人群黄斑变性(MD)的影响因素,为防治MD提供参考。方法选择于杭州市第一人民医院眼科就诊并接受MD筛查的>50岁人群为调查对象,采用问卷收集年龄、性别、用眼习惯及MD家族史等一般资料;通过眼科检查诊断MD,分析中老年人群MD检出情况;采用多因素logistic回归模型分析MD的影响因素。结果调查2832人,男性1527人,占53.92%;女性1305人,占46.08%。年龄≥70岁1878人,占66.31%。用眼习惯良好498人,占17.58%;一般1180人,占41.67%;差1154人,占40.75%。有MD家族史1817人,占64.16%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥70岁(OR=2.815,95%CI:1.350~5.871)、用眼习惯一般或差(OR=2.354,95%CI:1.373~4.035)、有MD家族史(OR=2.782,95%CI:1.138~6.799)、合并白内障(OR=2.593,95%CI:1.157~5.815)和有视力中心缺陷(OR=2.601,95%CI:1.252~5.404)的中老年人群具有较高的MD风险。结论年龄、用眼习惯、MD家族史、合并白内障和视力中心缺陷是中老年人群MD的影响因素。

Objective To investigate the factors affecting macular degeneration(MD)in middle-aged and elderly popula⁃tions,so as to provide the reference for prevention and treatment of MD.Methods People at ages of 50 years and old⁃er who were admitted to ophthalmology department of Hangzhou First People's Hospital and received MD screening were selected as the study subjects.General information including age,gender,eye-using habits and family history of MD were collected by questionnaire surveys.MD was diagnosed by ophthalmological examination,and the prevalence of MD in middle-aged and elderly people was analyzed.A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the influencing factors of MD.Results A total of 2832 people were investigated,including 1527 males(53.92%)and 1305 females(46.08%),and 1878 people(66.31%)aged 70 years and older.There were 498 people(17.58%)with good eye-using habits,1180(41.67%)with general eye-using habits and 1154(40.75%)with poor eye-using habits.There were 1817 people with family history of MD(64.16%).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that peo⁃ple at ages of 70 years and older(OR=2.815,95%CI:1.350-5.871),with poor eye-using habits(OR=2.354,95%CI:1.373-4.035),with family history of MD(OR=2.782,95%CI:1.138-6.799),with cataract(OR=2.593,95%CI:1.157-5.815)and with visual central defect(OR=2.601,95%CI:1.252-5.404)had a higher risk of MD.Conclusion Age,eye using habits,family history of MD,cataract and visual central defect are influencing factors for MD in middle-aged and elderly populations.