克拉玛依市居民健康素养分析

Health literacy among residents in Karamay City

目的了解新疆维吾尔自治区克拉玛依市居民健康素养水平,为制定健康促进策略提供参考。方法基于克拉玛依市居民健康素养监测项目收集2022年克拉玛依市15~69岁居民人口学信息和健康素养资料,分析健康素养具备率;采用多因素logistic回归模型分析健康素养的影响因素。结果纳入1473人,其中男性751人,占50.98%;女性722人,占49.02%。年龄为(39.62±15.09)岁。具备健康素养417人,具备率为28.31%;其中基本知识和理念、生活方式与行为和基本技能具备率分别为39.31%、27.36%和30.75%;安全与急救、科学健康观、健康信息、慢性病防治、传染病防治和基本医疗6类问题具备率分别为58.93%、49.29%、48.88%、33.67%、29.74%和27.77%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄(45~<55岁,OR=2.329,95%CI:1.005~5.398)、民族(少数民族,OR=0.459,95%CI:0.341~0.617)、文化程度(小学及以下,OR=0.213,95%CI:0.102~0.444;初中,OR=0.302,95%CI:0.193~0.471;高中,OR=0.579,95%CI:0.428~0.784)、家庭年收入(<1万元,OR=0.352,95%CI:0.199~0.624;1万~<3万元,OR=0.447,95%CI:0.279~0.717;3万~<5万元,OR=0.598,95%CI:0.407~0.880)是健康素养的影响因素。结论2022年克拉玛依市居民健康素养具备率为28.31%,应针对不同年龄、民族、文化程度和家庭年收入的居民开展健康教育和健康促进工作,进一步提升克拉玛依市居民健康素养水平。

Objective To investigate the level of health literacy among residents in Karamay City,Xinjiang Uygur Au⁃tonomous Region,so as to provide insights into formulating health promotion strategies.Methods Based on the Health Literacy Surveillance Program in Karamay City,demographic information and health literacy data were collected from residents aged 15 to 69 years in Karamay City in 2022,and levels of health literacy was analyzed.Factors af⁃fecting health literacy were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.Results A total of 1473 respon⁃dents were included,with a mean age of(39.62±15.09)years.There were 751 men(50.98%)and 722 women(49.02%).The level of health literacy was 28.31%,and the prevalence rates of basic healthy knowledge and attitudes,healthy lifestyles and behaviors and basic health-related skills were 39.31%,27.36%and 30.75%,respectively.The prevalence rates of safety and first aid,scientific health outlook,health information,chronic disease prevention,infec⁃tious disease prevention and basic medical care were 58.93%,49.29%,48.88%,33.67%,29.74%and 27.77%,respec⁃tively.Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age(45 to 54 years OR=2.329,95%CI:1.005-5.398),ethnici⁃ty(ethnic minority,OR=0.459,95%CI:0.341-0.617),educational level(primary school and below,OR=0.213,95%CI:0.102-0.444;junior high school,OR=0.302,95%CI:0.193-0.471;high school,OR=0.579,95%CI:0.428-0.784),and annual household income(less than 10000 Yuan,OR=0.352,95%CI:0.199-0.624;10000 to 30000 Yuan,OR=0.447,95%CI:0.279-0.717;30000 to 50000 Yuan,OR=0.598,95%CI:0.407-0.880)as factors affecting health liter⁃acy among residents in Karamay City.Conclusions The level of health literacy was 28.31%among residents in Kara⁃may City in 2022.Health education and promotion should be carried out targeting residents of different ages,ethnici⁃ties,educational levels and annual household income,in order to further enhance the level of health literacy among residents in Karamay City.