旅游地产权实践下华侨主体性变迁与侨乡地方性重构研究——以福建晋江梧林村为例

A Study of Changing Subjectivity in Overseas Chinese and the Reconstruction of Placeness in the Qiaoxiang under the Practice of Property Rights in Tourism Destinations--Evidence from the Wulin Village in Jinjiang,Fujian,China

侨乡是海外华侨的祖籍地和精神家园,揭示其旅游开发前后华侨主体性与地方性变化的过程对于促进海外华侨的民族凝聚力及祖籍地认同具有重要意义。文章运用质性研究方法,以福建省晋江市梧林侨乡为例,基于“制度-行动-地方”的分析框架,刻画了旅游产权实践下海外华侨主体性变迁与侨乡地方性重构的过程与形成机制。1)旅游开发前后,海外华侨主体性发生了显著变化。从经济投入的积极性、情感投入的主动性和文化联结的自觉性转变为经济参与意愿降低、身份自主意识消解和文化建设能力流失。2)侨宅产权对海外华侨主体性的发挥具有价值理性规制和情感隐性调节作用。旅游开发推动侨宅产权关系发生变革,在血缘伦理型流转转变为市场商业型流转的过程中,产权结构中的权力不均衡分布最终导致了差异性的地方主体实践,旅游产权变革是解释侨乡旅游实践中华侨主体性变迁的底层逻辑。3)旅游开发前后侨乡地方性重构是海外华侨与侨眷的互动实践转向不协调的多元主体实践的结果,导致地方性重构呈现“去地方化”趋势。该研究在理论上丰富了对移民空间实践与地方协商中人地关系动态演化规律的认识,也为侨乡旅游发展与文化传承保护提供了实践启示。

A Qiaoxiang is a village that is at once an ancestral home and a spiritual home for overseas Chinese.It is a matter of great significance to reveal the process of changes in subjectivity and placeness among overseas Chinese after tourism development campaigns to promote a sense of identification with China and ancestral identity among overseas Chinese.This qualitative study uses an“institution-action-place”analytical framework to investigate the case of Wulin village in Jinjiang city,Fujian province,China and to describe the process and mechanism of the changes in subjectivity and placeness in the Qiaoxiang among overseas Chinese under the practice of property rights in tourist destinations.The study reveals that subjectivity among overseas Chinese changed significantly after the tourism development campaign.They became more positively disposed toward economic investment,the initiative of emotional investment and the consciousness of cultural connection to the dissipation of the sense of identity autonomy,the decrease of willingness to economic participation and the lack of cultural construction capacity.The property rights of overseas Chinese houses have a value rational regulation and emotional implicit adjustment effect on attitudes among overseas Chinese.Tourism development has promoted the transformation of the property rights relationships of overseas Chinese residences.In the process of changing from blood ethical circulation to market commercial circulation,the unbalanced distribution of power in the property rights structure eventually leads to the practices of different local subjects.The transformation of property rights is the underlying logic explaining the change in overseas Chinese attitudes toward tourism practices in overseas Chinese hometowns.The reconstruction of placeness in the Qiaoxiang after the tourism development campaign is the result of a shift from the interactive practice of overseas Chinese and their families to the uncoordinated practice of multiple subjects,which leads to the trend toward“de-localization”in the reconstruction of a sense of place.Theoretically,this study enriches our understanding of the spatial practices of migrants and the dynamic evolutionary laws of human-land relations in local negotiation,and also provides practical insights for tourism development and cultural heritage protection in diaspora areas.