四川某铜矿选冶渣综合理化特性及环境污染特性评价

Comprehensive physicochemical properties and environmental pollution characteristics evaluation of the reselected copper smelting slag

针对铜矿选冶渣组成复杂、环境特性不清和治理修复难度大等问题,采用矿物解离分析仪(MLA)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)和同步热分析仪-傅里叶变换红外气相色谱质谱联用仪(STA-FTIR-GCMS)等分析测试仪器研究铜矿选冶渣的综合理化特性;运用毒性浸出程序(TCLP)、改进的三步提取(BCR)、风险评估编码(RAC)和次生相与原生相比值(RSP)等方法研究铜矿选冶渣的环境污染特性.结果表明,铜矿选冶渣多呈团聚状,体积平均粒径为54.18μm,主要含铁橄榄石(75.33%)、磁铁矿(12.15%)、黑云母等物相.硫酸硝酸法测得的铜矿选冶渣Cr、Cu、Zn和Pb浓度未超过《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》规定的危废限值,该铜矿选冶渣为一类一般工业固体废物.RAC法和RSP法评价结果表明,Cu是铜矿选冶渣的主要防治对象,Fe、Zn、Pb是铜矿选冶渣的次要防治对象.研究结果为铜矿选冶渣的安全处理和处置提供了基础数据.

The composition of the reselected copper smelting slag(RCSS)is complex,the environmental characteristics is unclear and the treatment and restoration are difficult.The comprehensive physicochemical properties of RCSS were determined by mineral dissociation analyzer(MLA),X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS)and synchronous thermal analyser-Fourier Transform infrared gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(STA-FTIR-GCMS).The environmental pollution characteristics of RCSS were analysed using toxic leaching procedure(TCLP),modified BCR (three step extraction) , risk assessment coding (RAC) , phase and primary comparison (RSP). The results show that RCSS is mainly agglomerated with an average particle size of 54.18 μm. It mainly contains fayalite (75.33%), magnetite (12.15%), biotite and other phases. The concentration of Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb of RCSS measured by sulphuric acid & nitric acid method did not exceed the limit of hazardous waste specified in "Identification standards for hazardous wastes-Identification for extraction toxicity", and RCSS is a kind of general industrial solid waste. The evaluation results of RAC method and RSP method show that Cu is the main control object of RCSS, while Fe, Zn and Pb are the secondary control object. This study can provide a basis for the safe treatment and disposal of RCSS.