汾河流域地表水金属元素分布特征与健康风险评价

Distribution characteristics and health risk assessment of metal elements in surface water of Fenhe River Basin

为研究汾河流域地表水中金属污染特征及其健康危害程度,本文采集汾河流域主要支流入河口及干流断面水样39组,检测As、Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg、Ni、Mn、Fe和Co共9种金属元素含量,利用多元统计分析法、水环境健康风险评价模型分析了流域地表水中金属元素分布特征及对成人与儿童产生的健康危害.结果表明,研究区主要超标元素为Hg、Fe和Mn,污染区主要分布于汾河干流中下游和支流.汾河干流上游Fe、Mn、Zn和Co变化幅度较大,中游、下游次之;各支流金属元素含量差异较大.多元统计分析显示,Hg和As主要来源于工业污染及农业污染等;Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Co、Fe和Mn来源于工农业生产和交通运输.健康风险评价表明,汾河流域各河段健康总风险为汾河支流>汾河下游>汾河中游>汾河上游,汾河中下游和支流健康风险危害较大,健康风险均为中等;经饮用水途径造成的健康风险儿童是成人的1.15倍,儿童更易受到金属元素的危害;As为支流浍河和昌源河的主要致癌因子;各河段优先控制金属元素为As、Co、Pb、Fe和Hg.

In order to study the characteristics of metal pollution and health hazards in surface water of Fenhe River Basin,this paper took collected 39 water samples from the main branches of Fenhe River basin flowing into the estuary and main stream sections,and detected the content of nine metal elements,including As,Cu,Pb,Zn,Hg,Ni,Mn,Fe and Co.Multivariate statistical analysis and water environmental health risk assessment model were used to evaluate the distribution characteristics of metal elements in surface water and their health hazards to adults and children.The results showed that Hg,Fe and Mn were the main elements exceeding the standard in the study area,and the polluted areas were mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches and tributaries of the main stream of Fenhe River.The changes of Fe,Mn,Zn and Co in the upper reaches of Fenhe River are large,followed by the middle and lower reache.The content of metal elements in tributaries varies greatly.Multivariate statistical analysis showed that Hg and As mainly came from industrial pollution and agricultural pollution.Pb,Cu,Zn,Ni,Co,Fe and Mn come from industrial and agricultural production and transportation.The health risk evaluation showed that the total health risk of each section of the Fenhe River basin was tributary>lower reaches>middle reaches>upper reaches.The health risk of children through drinking water was 1.15 times that of adults,and children were more vulnerable to metal elements;As was the main carcinogen of Huihe River and Changyuan River;The priority control metal elements in each river reach were As,Co,Pb,Fe and Hg.