《民法典》转介条款适用问题研究

Study on the Application of Referral Clauses of Civil Code

《民法典》第153条第1款是强制性规范干预私法自治的转介条款,也是公法转介进入私法的通道。转介条款是转介公法的概括性条款,在引致规范的基本功能之上具有使法官进行自由裁量的概括功能,与引致条款、任意条款具有根本上的区别。转介条款转介规范的具体类型为对法律行为内容进行规定的效力性强制性规范。转介条款是民法典的立法者通过立法技术以水平的方法解决公私法接轨争议问题的途径之一,其在民法典中的设立具有必要性。转介条款的具体适用方法包括三个步骤:首先,判断是否存在强制性规范;其次,判断法律行为是否违反强制性规范;最后,判断违反强制性规范是否必然无效。

Article 153,paragraph 1 of the Civil Code is a referral clause for mandatory norms to interfere with the autonomy of private law.It is also a channel for the referral of public law into private law.Referral clauses are general clauses that refer to public law.On top of the basic function of inducing norms,they have the general function of enabling judges to exercise discretion.They are fundamentally different from inducing clauses and arbitrary clauses.The specific types of referral norms in referral clauses are valid mandatory norms that stipulate the content of legal acts.Referral clauses are one of the ways for the legislators of the Civil Code to resolve controversies on integration in a horizontal way through legislative techniques.Its establishment in the Civil Code is necessary.The specific application method of the referral clause includes three steps:first,determining whether there are mandatory norms;second,determining whether the legal act violates the mandatory norms;and finally determining whether the violation of the mandatory norms is necessarily invalid.