论未成年子女名下房产抵押的设立与效力——基于裁判分歧的分析与展开

On the Establishment and Effectiveness of Property Mortgage Under the Name of Minors--Based on Judgment Divergence

父母将登记在未成年子女名下的房产抵押,引起了交易活动中交易安全、第三人信赖利益以及未成年人财产利益保护之间的冲突,亟待考量。当前该种抵押的行为存在权利归属不明确、处分行为性质模糊、处分行为导致的后果不适当等困境。由于个案之间情况相差悬殊,价值判断和政策考量不应过于死板,且不能过于偏颇倾向于某一种利益。应对问题进行规范分析,明确没有特殊情况登记在未成年子女名下房产应属于未成年子女单独所有,《民法典》第三十五条属于对父母抵押行为的法定限制,行为最终的法律效果应结合个案和基本原则的考量来决定有效与否。

The mortgage of property registered in the name of underage children by parents has caused conflicts between transaction safety,third-party trust interests,and the protection of underage property interests in transaction activities,which urgently need to be considered.The current mortgage behavior faces difficulties such as unclear ownership of rights,unclear nature of disposal behavior,and inappropriate consequences caused by disposal behavior.Due to the significant differences in situations between individual cases,value judgments and policy considerations should not be too rigid,and should not be overly biased towards a particular interest.A standardized analysis should be conducted to address the issue,clarifying that property registered under the name of a minor child should be solely owned by the minor child without special circumstances.Article 35 of“The Civil Code”is a statutory restriction on parental mortgage behavior,and the final legal effect of the behavior should be determined based on individual cases and basic principles.