非人类中心主义批判视野下野生动物资源利用制度的思考

On the System of Wildlife Resource Utilization From the Perspective of Non-anthropocentrism Criticism

野生动物保护立法中,“利用”和“保护”的主次关系一直争议不断,非人类中心主义理论批评人类中心主义的思想是现实问题产生的根源。野生动物资源保护问题的凸显并不在于立法主旨上“人类中心主义”或是因此产生的“野生动物资源观”,主要问题在于对野生动物资源利用时的“浪费”以及野生动物资源分配不公。可以借鉴环境法领域较为成熟的排污总量控制和交易制度促进野生动物资源的高效、可持续利用;利用遗传资源的惠益分享制度有效缓和资源利用者与其他利益主体之间的矛盾。

The primary and secondary relationship between“utilization”and“protection”in wildlife protection legislation has always been controversial,and the criticism of anthropocentrism by non-anthropocentric theories is the root cause of practical problems.The prominent issue of wildlife resource protection does not lie in the legislative theme of“anthropocentrism”or the resulting“wildlife resource view”,but mainly in the“waste”of wildlife resource utilization and unfair distribution of wildlife resources.We can draw on the mature pollution control and trading system in the field of environmental law to promote the efficient and sustainable utilization of wildlife resources.The benefit sharing system for utilizing genetic resources effectively alleviates conflicts between resource users and other stakeholders.