“三言”道教书写中的疾病与治疗意识

Disease and Treatment Consciousness in Taoist Writing of"Sanyan"

在明代拟话本小说中,“三言”无疑具有独特性。以往的研究大多从思想主题、作者、本事考证、传播影响等进行分析。但从疾病与治疗角度分析“三言”中的涉道作品是一个新的突破口。道教作为中国的本土宗教,有其特殊的文化土壤生发条件,这根植于中国传统文化强烈的生命意识、长寿的思想,使作品构建了一个对精神和肉体疾病均有治疗作用的世界。小说劝诫世人抛却物欲、隔断迷情,达到清洗心灵、修炼心性的作用;用道术来达到对社会的救济,完成对身体疾病的治疗;借助梦境实现对心灵痛点的治愈。同时作品通过叙事,使疾病与治疗对小说情节的生成与拓展、人物塑造、创作主旨、环境的烘托起到了重要作用。从此意义上讲,“三言”是不可多得的范本。

There is no doubt that"Sanyan"has its own uniqueness in the novels of the Ming Dynasty.Previous research predominantly focused on the ideological theme,author's ability,textual research and communication influence.However,from the perspective of disease and treatment,the works related to Taoism in"Sanyan"are a new breakthrough Taoism,as a native religion in China,has its special cultural soil and growth conditions.This strong life consciousness and longevity thought rooted in Chinese culture make the works build a world with therapeutic effect on both mental and physical diseases The novel exhorts the world to abandon the partition of material desires and achieve the role of cleaning the mind and nature;Use Taoism to achieve social relief and complete the treatment of physical diseases;Realize the cure of mental pain points with the help of dreams.At the same time,through narration,disease and treatment play an important role in generating the plot of the novel and expanding the theme of characterization.In this sense,"Sanyan"is a rare model.