杭温隧道聚能水压爆破技术原理与施工应用

杭温铁路木匪岭、石尖等隧道围岩强度高,局部节理发育,存在极高的水平向地应力,岩爆频发。传统光爆在控制超欠挖及减轻诱发岩爆等方面存在显著缺陷,为此,开展数值模拟分析研究以及普通光爆与聚能水压光爆对比试验。结果表明,聚能水压爆破在聚能方向的孔壁压力峰值和岩体内有效应力峰值较大,利于形成导向裂缝,减小对保留围岩的损伤;聚能水压爆破在减小爆破振速、控制超欠挖、降低粉尘及有害气体浓度等方面效果显著,同时减少爆破诱发岩爆次数及强度。研究成果可以对矿山法硬岩隧道爆破施工提供理论支撑和现场技术指导。

Tunnels in Mufeiling and Shijian on Hangzhou-Wenzhou Railway have high-strength surrounding rocks,developed local joints,extremely high horizontal ground stress and frequent rockburst.Traditional light explosion has obvious defects in controlling over-underexcavation and reducing induced rockburst.Therefore,numerical simulation analysis and comparative experiments of ordinary light explosion and concentrated water pressure light explosion are carried out.The results show that the peak value of hole wall pressure and effective stress in rock mass are larger in the direction of energy accumulation,which is beneficial to the formation of guided cracks and reduce the damage to reserved surrounding rock.Energy-concentrated hydraulic blasting has a remarkable effect in reducing blasting vibration velocity,controlling over-underexcavation,reducing dust and harmful gas concentration,and decreasing the number and intensity of rockburst induced by blasting.The research results can provide theoretical support and on-site technical guidance for the blasting construction of mine hard rock tunnel.