中国乡村居民生计资本的区域差异及其动态演进

Regional Difference and Distribution Dynamic Evolution of Rural Residents’Livelihood Capital in China

基于可持续生计分析框架构建中国乡村居民生计资本评价指标体系,运用Dagum基尼系数、Kernel密度估计和Markov链分析方法研究2006—2020年中国乡村居民生计资本的区域差异及其动态演进特征。结果表明:(1)中国乡村居民生计资本及各维度生计资本整体保持增长态势,具有自然资本、物质资本、人力资本、社会资本、金融资本、公共资本依次降低的特征,呈现东部、中部、东北、西部依次递减的空间分布格局。(2)中国乡村居民生计资本的总体差异以及东部、中部、西部、东北四大区域差异均呈下降趋势,区域内差异、区域间差异、超变密度的平均贡献率分别为23.889%,63.536%,12.642%,区域间差异是中国乡村居民生计资本总体差异的主要来源。(3)中国乡村居民生计资本的地区差异呈下降态势,不同区域的乡村居民生计资本的组间流动性较低,难以实现跨越式跃迁,区域间的相互作用影响中国乡村居民生计资本的空间分布。

Based on the sustainable livelihood analysis framework,evaluation index system of rural residents’livelihood capital in China is constructed.The Dagum Gini coefficient,Kernel density estimation and Markov chain are used to study the regional differences and dynamic evolution characteristics of rural residents’livelihood capital in China from 2006 to 2020.The results show that:(1)The livelihood capital of rural residents in China and livelihood capital in various dimensions maintain an overall growth trend,with the characteristics of decreasing in natural capital,material capital,human capital,social capital,financial capital,public capital in sequence.At the same time,it also shows a decreasing spatial distribution pattern in the eastern region,the central region,the northeast region and the western region.(2)The overall disparity of rural residents’livelihood capital in China,as well as the regional disparity among the eastern,northeastern,central and western all show a downward trend.The average contribution rate of intra-regional difference,inter-regional difference and hypervariable density to the overall difference are 23.889%,63.536%and 12.642%,respectively.The inter-regional disparity is the main source of the overall disparity of rural residents’livelihood capital in China.(3)The regional disparity of livelihood capital of rural residents in China shows a declining trend.In addition,the inter-group mobility of rural residents’livelihood capital in different regions is low,which makes it difficult to achieve a leapfrog transition.The inter-regional interaction affects the spatial distribution of livelihood capital of rural residents in China.