流域视角下安徽省传统村落时空格局差异性研究

Study on Differences and Causes of Spatio-temporal Pattern of Traditional Villages in Anhui Province from the Perspective of Basin

选取安徽省内淮河流域和长江流域传统村落为研究对象,从时间和空间两个维度分析传统村落演化差异性并探究影响传统村落分布的主要驱动因子。结果表明:(1)在时间维度,在历史发展进程中传统村落差异明显。淮河流域经历“萌芽期—雏形期—形成期—饱和期—平缓期”,传统村落以农耕生活方式平稳发展。长江流域经历“萌芽期—雏形期—发展期—转变期—鼎盛期”,传统村落以经商生活方式迅速发展;(2)在空间维度,传统村落重心迁移路径均为由北向南,但空间格局特征差异性显著。淮河流域传统村落主要聚集在耕地密集的淮河北岸但聚集度较低,分布聚集度先减小后增加。长江流域传统村落显著聚集在长江南岸,分布聚集度持续增加;(3)两流域内传统村落均主要分布在低海拔、低坡度、邻水系及气候适宜的地区,不同历史时期气温和降水是影响传统村落空间分布的主要驱动因子,长江流域传统村落受高程影响程度高于淮河流域。长江流域内现存传统村落空间分布受地均GDP和人口密度影响程度高于淮河流域内传统村落。

The traditional villages of Huaihe River and Yangtze River basins in Anhui Province were selected to analyze the temporal-spatial differences in the evolution of traditional villages and,reveal the main driving factors affecting the traditional villages distribution.The results showed that:(1)An obviously historical development differences of traditional villages in the time evolution dimension was obtained.The traditional villages in the Huaihe River basin experienced a“budding stage,embryonic stage,formation stage,saturation stage and gentle stage”,and its number develops linearly and steadily.The traditional villages in the Yangtze River basin experienced a“budding stage,embryonic stage,development stage,transformation stage and peak period”with an exponential and rapid development in number.(2)In the spatial evolution dimension,the center of traditional villages moved from north to south,but a significant differences was exist in the spatial pattern characteristics of traditional villages between the two basins.The traditional villages in the Huaihe River basin were mainly concentrated in the north bank of the Huaihe River with more cultivated land.The aggregation of traditional villages decreased firstly and then increased.Traditional villages in the Yangtze River basin were significantly clustered on the south bank of the Yangtze River.And the aggregation degree of traditional villages continues to increase.(3)Traditional villages in both basins were mainly distributed in areas with low altitude,low slope,close to water systems and suitable climate.In different historical stages,temperature and precipitation are the major driving factors affecting the distribution of traditional villages.The traditional villages in the Yangtze River basin were more affected by elevation than those in the Huaihe River basin.The spatial distribution of existing traditional villages in the Yangtze River basin was more affected by GDP and population density than traditional villages in the Huaihe River basin.