异侧竖缝式鱼道在实际工程中的设计与模拟分析

Design and Simulation Analysis of the Fishway with Different Side Vertical Seams in Practical Engineering

竖缝式鱼道具有水流条件好,回流区位置明确,适应上下游水位变化能力强的特点,是目前过鱼效率高、应用广泛的过鱼工程设施。为增加研究区内鱼类洄游的效果,根据规范要求,初步设计3种鱼道池室隔板型式,利用数值模拟的方法,在上下游2 m等水深的条件下,探究隔板型式变化对池室水流结构的影响。通过分析池室内的水流流态、竖缝处流速分布以及消能效果等对隔板型式进行优化。通过改变第2种隔板型式尺寸,竖缝宽度由0.6 m降低到0.5 m,在池室水流流态以及竖缝处流速较好的前提下,使竖缝附近最大流速小于设计流速1.2 m/s;并对优化体型进行不同等水深条件下的过流能力计算,在水深变化0.5~2.0 m区间时,鱼道过流能力在0.236~0.951 m^(3)/s之间。池室内良好的水流流态以及竖缝处流速分布的合理性为研究区内大部分鱼类的上溯提供了良好的通道,不同水深的过流能力为鱼道运行调度起到了参考作用。

The vertical slit fishway has the characteristics of good flow conditions of water,clear location of the reflux zone,and strong adaptability to changes in upstream and downstream water levels.It is currently a high efficient and widely used fish passing engineering facility.In order to increase the effectiveness of fish migration in the research area,according to regulatory requirements,three types of fishway tank compartments were preliminarily designed,and numerical simulation methods were used to explore the impact of changes in baffle types on the flow structure of water of the tank compartments at a constant depth of 2 meters both upstream and downstream.The baffle type was optimized by analyzing the water flow pattern inside the pool,the velocity distribution at the vertical joints,and the energy dissipation effect.By changing the size of the second type of baffle,the width of the vertical joint was reduced from 0.6 m to 0.5 m.Under the premise of flow pattern of good water in the tank and flow velocity at the vertical joint,the maximum flow velocity near the vertical joint was reduced to less than the design flow velocity of 1.2 m/s;and the flow capacity of the optimized body under different conditions of equal water depth was calculated.When the water depth changed between 0.5 m and 2.0 m,the flow capacity of the fishway was between 0.236 m^(3)/s and 0.951 m3/s.The flow pattern of good water inside the pool and the rationality of the velocity distribution at the vertical joints provided a good channel for the trace back of most fish in the study area,and the flow capacity at different water depths provided a reference for the operation and scheduling of the fishway.