论侵权法中“故意”适用的理论基础及完善路径

On the Theoretical Basis and Improvement of“Dolus”in Tort Law

在侵权法完全赔偿原则的影响下,关于故意的研究主要包含在过错问题中,涉及过错程度的研究较少。尤其在第三人侵害债权、纯粹经济利益损失等问题上,“故意”是否为要件仍存在不确定性。在责任范围上,“故意”在何种程度上影响责任范围,也存在不确定性。侵权法关注行为人的道德可责性,故意正属于这一趋势的环节之一;且动态系统论等新理论对民法典的影响,需要梳理、分析故意在侵权法中的影响与作用。通过对英美法系和大陆法系关于故意对侵权损害赔偿责任认定和责任范围影响的情形的比较与分析,结合中国目前关于故意的相关法律规定和司法实践,探究故意在中国民法典话语体系下适用的路径。

Under the influence of tort law’s function of fully compensating the victim,the study on dolus is mainly included in cases concerning faults,and the study on the degree of fault is little.Especially in the third party’s infringement of creditor’s rights,pure economic loss and other issues,whether“dolus”is vital is still uncertain.There is also uncertainty about the extent to which“dolus”affects the scope of liability.Tort law focuses on the moral liability of the infringer,and dolus is one of the links of this trend.Moreover,the influence of new theories such as dynamic system theory on the civil code needs to be sorted out and analyzed.Through the comparison and analysis of the influence of intent on the recognition and scope of liability for tort damage in Anglo-American law system and civil law system,combined with the relevant legal provisions and judicial practice on dolus,this paper explores the path of application of intent in the discourse system of the civil code of the Peoples’s Republic of China.