欧盟绿色转型的新阶段:动因、影响与政策建议

The New Phase of the EU’s Green Transition:Causes,Impacts,and Policy Recommendations

近年来,欧盟一直大力推进绿色转型,在本届欧委会任期内,绿色转型一共经历了新冠疫情、乌克兰危机和美国颁布《通胀削减法案》三次考验。为最大程度降低《通胀削减法案》的不利影响,欧盟从维护自身绿色产业利益、践行特有规则理念、引领国际气候治理出发,在立法、融资和国家补贴三方面出台措施试图应对,从而迈入绿色转型的新阶段。其影响有两个方面:一是调整绿色外交,二是重塑政策偏好参与全球气候治理。在此背景下,中国应统筹中欧关系、美国因素及其他利益攸关方等多重因素,激发欧盟对华需求,减少欧美联手的干扰,并增加与其他伙伴的务实合作,在维护自身利益的同时稳步推进中欧关系。

In recent years,the European Union(EU)has been actively promoting a green transition,facing challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic,the Ukraine crisis,and the US Inflation Reduction Act.To mitigate the adverse effects of the Inflation Reduction Act,the EU has taken steps to protect its green industry interests,uphold its unique principles,and assert leadership in international climate governance.Measures have been introduced in legislation,financing,and state subsidies,marking a new stage in the green transition.This transition has led to two main impacts:adjustments in green diplomacy and reshaping of policy preferences for engagement in global climate governance.In this context,China must coordinate various factors,including China-EU relations,US dynamics,and other stakeholders,to stimulate EU demand for Chinese goods,mitigate EU-US joint efforts’interference,and enhance pragmatic cooperation with other partners.This approach aims to advance China-EU relations steadily while safeguarding China’s interests.