西方理论视野下的宋学精神与北宋审美

The Spirit of Song Academic and Aesthetics of Northern Song from the perspective of western theory

宋代是中国古代社会一个承上启下的转折点,其中,北宋士人所开创的宋学精神最为重要。面对层层积累的前人历史,如何别开蹊径,开创出新的思想,这是北宋士人迫切需要解决的问题。这涉及到阐释学,阐释学既是中国古代已有的思想,也是西方的一个学术流派。北宋士人从自己的现实处境出发,以经世致用作为“前概念”,通过开拓、创造、怀疑和议论,对前人成果进行再创造性解释,将历史的文献转化为当下的话语,构建了独具特色的宋学。不仅是阐释学,其他西方当代理论对于深入理解宋学精神也有启发意义。宋学精神对于北宋审美具有重要影响,同样是通过对前人的接受与阐释,北宋士人在文、诗、词、书法、绘画等方面均别开生面,创造了中国古代美学史上又一个高峰,并且对此后的中国美学史产生深远影响。

Song Dynasty is a turning point of ancient Chinese society,among which the spirit of Song Academic created by the scholars in the Northern Song Dynasty is the most important.Facing the accumulated history,how to find a new way to create new ideas is an urgent problem for the scholars of the Northern Song Dynasty to solve.This involves Hermeneutics,which is not only an existing thought in ancient China,but also an important academic school in the West.Starting from their own reality, the scholars of the Northern Song Dynasty took the practical ap-plication of the world as the “pre-concept”. Through exploration, creation,doubt and discussion, they creatively explained the achievements of the predecessors, transformed the historical documents into the current discourse, and constructed the unique Song study. Aesthetics of the Northern Song Dynasty belongs to the Song school in a broad sense and is closely connected with the spirit of Song School. Similarly, through the acceptance and interpretation of the predecessors, the scholars in the Northern Song Dynasty made a new appearance in literature, poetry, Ci, calligraphy, painting and so on, which created another peak in the his-tory of ancient Chinese aesthetics and had a far-reaching impact on the history of Chinese aesthetics thereafter.