二氧化硅纳米颗粒神经毒性的研究进展

Research progress on neurotoxicity of silica nanoparticles

二氧化硅纳米颗粒(nanoparticles,NPs)由于独特的物理化学特性,如粒径小、表面积大、显著的表面反应性等,在药物递送、生物成像、催化、聚合物填料以及化妆品等领域的应用越来越广泛。随着接触二氧化硅NPs可能性的日益增多,引起了全球对其安全性的关注。体外和体内研究表明,二氧化硅NPs可引发神经毒性作用,并被认为可能是促进神经疾病发生和/或发展的危险因素。因此,阐明毒性作用和相关机制对于降低其潜在毒性危害至关重要。该文基于以往关于二氧化硅NPs神经毒性的体外和体内研究数据和结果,总结了二氧化硅NPs神经毒性的影响因素以及相关机制,以期为其安全性研究提供参考依据。

Silica nanoparticles(NPs)are increasingly applied in drug delivery,bioimaging,catalysis,polymer fillers,and cosmetics,due to unique physicochemical properties,such as small particle size,large surface area and remarkable surface reactivity.With the increasing possibility of exposure to silica NPs,there is worldwide concern about their safety.In vitro and in vivo studies showed that silica NPs could trigger neurotoxic effects and was considered a possible risk factor for promoting the occurrence and/or development of neurological diseases.Therefore,it is important to elucidate the toxic effects and related mechanisms to reduce the potential toxicity.In this paper,based on the in vitro and in vivo studies,the influencing factors and related mechanisms of neurotoxicity were summarized,in order to provide references for safety researches of silica NPs.