气候变化损失损害处理的中国方案探讨

China's plan for dealing with climate change losses and damage

国际法上的气候变化损失损害问题由来已久。随着发达国家与发展中国家针对气候变化损失损害问题讨论的不断深入,该问题已经从对适应机制和减缓机制的依赖中独立出来,成为国际上应对和解决气候变化问题的独立机制。当前,国际上对于气候变化损失损害的讨论存在三个层面的争议,我国应当结合自身国情和实际诉求选择相应的立场。一方面,应当从国际、国家、地方及个体多维层面出发,构建整体性的气候变化损失损害预防机制,提升我国应对气候变化的适应能力和预防能力,减少潜在损失损害。另一方面,应当积极构建由保险、基金和临时性援助组成的综合性救济机制,以确保有充足的资金用于救济各类气候变化所导致的经济与非经济类损失损害。预防机制与救济机制彼此辅助、互相支持,共同建构起气候变化损失损害处理的中国方案。

The issue of climate change losses and damages in international law has a long history.With the continuous deepening of discussions between developed and developing countries on the issue of climate change losses and damages,this issue has become independent from its reliance on adaptation and mitigation mechanisms,and has become an independent mechanism for addressing and resolving climate change issues internationally.At present,there are three levels of controversy in the international discussion on the losses and damages caused by climate change.China should choose the corresponding position based on its own national conditions and actual demands.On the one hand,a comprehensive mechanism for preventing climate change losses and damages should be constructed from multiple dimensions,including international,national,local,and individual levels,to enhance China's adaptability and prevention capabilities in responding to climate change and reduce potential losses and damages.On the other hand,a comprehensive relief mechanism consisting of insurance,funds,and temporary assistance should be actively constructed to ensure sufficient funds are available to alleviate economic and non economic losses and damages caused by various types of climate change.The prevention mechanism and relief mechanism complement and support each other,jointly constructing a Chinese plan for dealing with climate change losses and damages.