基于PMC控制的数控车削实训安全防护装置设计

Design of computer numerical control turning training safety protection device based on PMC control

数控车削实训可以提升学生的实践动手能力,激发学生的实践创新能力。由于数控车削实训涉及教学内容较多,且要求学生独立操作数控设备,具有一定的安全隐患。该文通过分析传统教学安全措施,并梳理数控车削常见安全隐患及其发生原因,结合数控车削实训实际情况,提出了基于可编程机床控制器(production material control, PMC)控制的数控车削实训安全防护装置。使用数控机床自带的PMC实时监控实训工量器具,设置一定的逻辑关系控制主轴的启动,以实现安全防护目的;通过“指纹授权+逻辑关系”协助实训指导教师进行管理,达到规范管理目的。实践证明:该安全防护装置能有效减少实训安全事故的发生,提升学生职业素养,降低实训指导教师的劳动强度。

[Objective]Numerical control turning training can enhance students’practical skills and stimulate their practical and innovative abilities.This process involves numerous tools and instruments,which students often misplace on the training workbench or even on the CNC lathe spindle box during training.If these tools and instruments are not arranged according to professional standards during training,it becomes a challenge to adopt these standards in a professional setting later on.Moreover,CNC training requires high-speed rotation of the spindle to shape the training workpiece.Improper operation or nonstandard placement of tools and instruments can lead to serious accidents.These can range from a chuck wrench being thrown out of the spindle’s three-jaw chuck to the cutting tool directly striking the machine tool,posing considerable safety risks.[Methods]This study analyzes traditional teaching safety measures,identifies common safety hazards,and explores their causes.It then contextualizes these findings within the real-world conditions of CNC turning training.To mitigate these concerns,this study introduces a CNC turning training safety protection device based on production material control(PMC).This device uses the PMC controller provided by the CNC machine tool for real-time monitoring of the placement of training tools and instruments.Combined with the location signals from the tools and instruments,the external I/O signal logic relationship of the CNC lathe programable controller is used to determine whether the CNC lathe spindle can be safely started.[Results]This results in the mandatory cultivation of students’professional literacy while ensuring safety.In addition,the device assists in the standardization of management during practical safety education.The training instructor enters the fingerprint information of CNC lathe trainees into the fingerprint module beforehand and sets the training and assessment duration data.When students log in to the training or assessment mode after obtaining fingerprint authorization,the security protection device compares the set duration and activates an indicator light to signal that the duration has been reached.[Conclusions]This effectively assists the training instructor in managing the training process.Practical application of these safety protection devices has demonstrated its effectiveness in reducing training safety accidents and improving students’professional literacy.It also reduces the workload of the training instructors.