城市住宅建筑布局对热环境影响的模拟分析

Simulation analysis of the impact of urban residential building layout on thermal environment

针对改善居住区的热环境,缓解城市热岛效应影响的问题,该文选择北京市作为研究区域,在ENVI-met三维微气候模拟软件的帮助下,参考当地气候分区分类框架,构建6个建筑场景的数值模型,并分析它们在一天中不同时刻的热环境表现差异。结果表明:当住区规模较小时,行列式布局住区空气温度较低、风速适宜、热舒适度较好;住区规模较大时,不同建筑布局气温分布状况十分接近,行列式适风区最多,点群式布局热舒适度较好。住宅区规模不同的情况下,同一建筑布局也可能会表现出有差异的热环境,因此进行住宅区规划要考虑建筑高度、空间规模、建筑单体离散程度、整体朝向等多方面的影响因素。该文所得结论可为进行合理的城市住宅区规划建设、提高居住舒适性、提升市民生活质量提供一定参考。

Reasonable residential layout planning can improve the thermal environment of residential areas and alleviate the impact of urban heat island effect.Taking Beijing city as the research area,based on the local climate zoning classification framework,six numerical models of different building scenes were built in this paper using ENVI-met three-dimensional microclimate simulation software.The thermal environment performance of each model was compared at different times of the day.The results showed that large numbers of buildings,the point group layout had the best thermal environment,followed by the parallel layout and the enclosed layout.When the number of buildings was small,the thermal environment of the parallel layout was the best,followed by the enclosed layout.The conclusions of this paper could provide some reference for reasonable planning and construction of urban residential areas,improving living comfort and improving the quality of life of citizens.