重建量子力学的本体论承诺——俄苏量子力学哲学研究的独特贡献

Reconstructing the Ontological Commitment of Quantum Mechanics:A Unique Contribution of the Russian-Soviet Philosophical Study of Quantum Mechanics

量子力学的哥本哈根正统解释将测量中的波函数坍缩视为一个真实的物理过程,对这一过程的“无解”导致其走向了工具主义,认为波函数仅仅是有关未来实验可能结果的全部知识。消解波函数物理解释的结果带来了量子力学本体论承诺的问题。遵循正统解释的关系量子力学并不拒绝波函数的本体论承诺,但仍坚持波函数工具主义的解释路线,延续了正统解释的本体论问题。21世纪20年代前后,俄苏学者提出了量子力学的语境实在论的解释方案,认为测量不是导致微观物理系统状态变化的交互作用,而是在语境中对物理实在的识别。语境实在论恢复了波函数的物理解释,重新定义了测量概念,确立起波函数与量子实在的关联,重建了量子力学的本体论承诺,在正统解释的自身框架内解决了正统解释的本体论问题,做出了独特的贡献。

The Copenhagen orthodox interpretation of quantum mechanics treats the collapse of the wave function in measurements as a real physical process,and the"unresolved"nature of this process has led it to instrumentalism,where the wave function is simply allthat is to know about the possible outcomes of future experiments.Dissolving the results of the physical interpretation of the wave function brings up the question of the ontological commitment of quantum mechanics.Relational quantum mechanics that follows the orthodox interpretation does not reject the ontological commitment of the wave function,but still adheres to the instrumentalist line of interpretation of the wave function,perpetuating the ontological problem of the orthodox interpretation.Around the 2020s,Russian and Soviet scholars proposed an explanatory scheme for the contextual realism of quantum mechanics,arguing that measurements are not interactions that lead to changes in the state of a microphysical system,but rather the identification of physical reality in context.Contextual realism restores the physical interpretation of the wave function,redefines the concept of measurement,establishes the association of the wave function with the quantum reality,and reconstructs the ontological commitment of quantum mechanics,making a unique contribution to solving the ontological problems of the orthodox interpretation within the framework of the orthodox interpretation itself.