科名传世:越南明乡人百年科举考论(1819—1919)

Minh Hương People and the Imperial Examinations in Vietnam,1819-1919

论文探究了明乡人参与越南科举的背景;梳理了名人辈出的明乡科榜人才;分析了明乡科榜人才出现的原因。明清鼎革之后,在越南形成了以继承明朝香火为志业的明乡人,其后经过一百多年的发展,大量明乡人参与阮朝各级科举考试。1819—1919年,先后有37位明乡士子中格举人,其中5人位列三甲或副榜之内。这些明乡科榜人才主要分布于承天、嘉定两大乡试考场,且多出自明乡大族与官宦之家。阮朝政府的支持、明乡社重视教育、明乡士子自身努力等,都是明乡士子中格的原因。明乡人通过科举考试入仕为官,在阮朝内政外交等事务中扮演着重要的角色,同时也促使了该群体深度融合于越南社会之中。参与科举考试,既是明乡人在地化的重要体现,亦是明乡人融入当地社会的重要途径之一。

Subsequent to the fall of the Ming Dynasty,some Ming loyalists went from China to Vietnam and thereafter established a distinct ethnic community to maintain the Ming culture.This community was known as the“Minh Hương people”.Many Minh Hương people performed excellently in Vietnamese imperial examinations at all levels.Between 1819 and 1919,there were 37 Minh Hương scholars who received the title of“Juren”,and 5 were awarded“Jinshi”.Those who passed the imperial examinations became civil servants and played key roles in Vietnam’s domestic politics and foreign affairs.The imperial examination system paved an important way for the Minh Hương people to integrate into Vietnamese society.