社区老年人年龄歧视感知及自我养老能力与活力老化的相关性研究

A study on the perception of age discrimination and self-support ability of the elderly in the community

目的调查社区老年人活力老化的现状,分析自我养老能力和年龄歧视感知二者分别与活力老化的相关性,以及影响社区老年人活力老化的主要因素,为提高社区老年人活力老化水平提高参考依据。方法使用自我养老能力量表、年龄歧视感知量表、活力老化量表,对313名社区老年人进行问卷调查。结果社区老年人自我养老能力量表得分为192.15(175.5,201.15)分,年龄歧视感知量表得分为3.99(3.00,5.01)分,活力老化量表得分为92.64(85.44,102.96)分,自我养老能力与活力老化呈显著正相关(P<0.01),年龄歧视感知与活力老化呈负相关(P<0.01),年龄歧视感知、自我养老能力、健康状况、生活自理程度、工作情况、子女数量是影响社区老年人活力老化的主要因素(P<0.01)。结论社区老年人活力老化呈中等偏上水平,其中社会互动得分最底,心理健康得分最高,且受年龄歧视感知、自我养老能力、健康状况、生活自理程度、工作情况、子女数量因素影响。社区护理工作者可采取定期举办娱乐活动、定期上门问诊和为社区老年人进行心理健康知识宣讲等措施提高老年人的活力老化水平,从而达到活力老化的目标。

Objective To investigate the current situation of vitality aging among elderly people in the community,analyze the correlation between self care ability and age discrimination perception with vitality aging,as well as the main factors affecting vitality aging among elderly people in the community,in order to provide reference for improving the level of vitality aging among elderly people in the community.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 313 community elderly people and above using the Self Elderly Care Ability Scale,Age Discrimination Perception Scale,and Vitality Aging Scale.Results The self-care ability scale for the elderly in the community scored is 192.15(175.5,201.15),the age discrimination perception scale scored is 3.99(3.00,5.01),and the vitality aging scale scored is 92.64(85.44,102.96).The self-care ability was significantly positively correlated with vitality aging(P<0.01),while the age discrimination perception was negatively correlated with vitality aging(P<0.01).The perception of age discrimination,self-care ability,health status,self-care level,work situation,the number of children is the main factor affecting the vitality and aging of elderly people in the community(P<0.01).Conclusion The vitality aging of elderly people in the community is at a moderate to upper level,with the lowest social interaction score and the highest psychological health score,which are influenced by factors such as age discrimination perception,self care ability,health status,self-care level,work situation,and number of children.Community nursing workers can take measures such as holding regular entertainment activities,visiting regularly for consultation,and providing psychological health knowledge lectures to the elderly in the community to improve their level of vitality and aging,thereby achieving the goal of vitality and aging.