上海市社区脑卒中患者康复需求调查分析

Survey analysis of the rehabilitation needs of stroke patients in the community of Shanghai

目的了解上海市脑卒中患者社区康复现状及需求,为今后施行有效社区康复干预提供客观依据。方法在上海市黄浦区半淞园街道社区采用随机抽样方法调查32例脑卒中患者,20例脑卒中患者看护人,填写本研究组自行设计的调查问卷和欧洲五维健康指数量表(EQ-5D)。结果走路有些问题较走路没有问题的、卒中后出现抑郁焦虑并发症较没有出现发症的脑卒中患者选择康复需求的可能性增加;存在行走困难和吞咽困难的脑卒中患者更需要家庭康复技巧及辅助器具的指导;存在吞咽困难和抑郁焦虑状态的脑卒中患者需要心理干预;病程长及存在语言、吞咽障碍的脑卒中患者更需要康复知识指导;有尿路感染并发症的脑卒中患者需要居家环境改造的指导。结论存在不同功能障碍的脑卒中患者对社区康复需求不同,社区康复工作应重点加强对脑卒中患者的心理干预及康复训练指导。

Objective To understand the current situation and needs of stroke patients in the community of Bansongyuan Street in Huangpu District of Shanghai,and to provide an objective basis for effective community rehabilitation interventions in the future.Methods A random sample of 32 stroke patients and 20 caregivers of stroke patients were surveyed in the community of Bansongyuan Street in Huangpu District of Shanghai,by completing a self-designed questionnaire and the EuroQol health index scale(EQ-5D).Results Stroke patients with“some walking problems”were more likely to choose post-stroke rehabilitation needs than stroke patients with“no walking problems”and patients with post-stroke depressive and anxiety complications than those without post-stroke depressive and anxiety complications.Patients with walking and swallowing difficulties needed more guidance on home rehabilitation techniques and aids,patients with swallowing difficulties and depression and anxiety needed psychological intervention,patients with long duration of illness and speech and swallowing disorders needed more guidance on rehabilitation knowledge,and patients with urinary tract infection complications needed guidance on home environment modification.Conclusion Stroke patients with different functional impairments have different needs for community rehabilitation,and the focus of community rehabilitation work should be to strengthen psychological intervention and rehabilitation guidance training.