中国乡村旅游地的空间分布特征及影响因素

Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of China's rural tourism destinations

以中国农业农村部、文化和旅游部公布的乡村旅游地为样本,运用最邻近指数、核密度和地理探测器等方法探究乡村旅游地的空间分布规律和影响因素。结果表明(:1)中国乡村旅游地呈现“东多西少,南多北少”集聚特征,其东西差异比南北更为显著;东部、中部和西部集聚性逐渐增强,除新疆和青海外,其他省市最邻近指数值为0.7~1.2,趋于均衡分布。(2)中国乡村旅游地形成“两极-两轴-多核”的空间分布形态;五类乡村旅游地呈“一高四低、分异显著”类型特征,休闲观光类占比最高为33.06%,文化民俗类占比最低为8.28%,五类乡村旅游地空间分异的驱动因素差异较大,与村落资源禀赋和区位特征具有密切关系。(3)乡村旅游地空间分异是村域自然环境、社会发展水平、文化资源潜力、区域设施水平、旅游投资水平和旅游市场规模等因素共同作用的结果,其中,社会发展水平和旅游市场规模为主导因素,解释力为0.64、0.62;海拔、水文条件与交通区位等因素对乡村旅游地空间分布具有显著的负相关性。

This paper takes the rural tourism destinations announced by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of China as samples,and uses the methods of nearest neighbor index,kernel density and geographic detector to explore the spatial distribution law and influencing factors of rural tourism destinations in China.The results show that:(1)China's rural tourism destinations exhibit the agglomeration characteristics of"more in the east and less in the west,more in the south and less in the north",and the difference between the east and the west is more significant than that between the north and the south.The agglomeration increased gradually.Except for Xinjiang and Qinghai,the nearest neighbor index values of other provinces and cities were 0.7 to 1.2,which tended to be evenly distributed.(2)China's rural tourism destinations form a spatial distribution pattern of"two poles-two axes-multiple cores".Of the five types of rural tourism destinations,the leisure and sightseeing type has the highest proportion(33.06%);and the type of cultural and folk customs has the lowest proportion(8.28%).The driving factors for the spatial differentiation of the five types of rural tourism destinations are quite different,which is closely related to the resource endowment and location characteristics of the villages.(3)The spatial differentiation of rural tourism destinations is the result of the combined effect of factors such as the natural environment of the village,the level of social development,the potential of cultural resources,the level of regional facilities,the level of tourism investment,and the scale of the tourism market.The level of social development and the scale of the tourism market are the dominant factors,with explanatory power of 0.64,0.62;factors such as altitude,hydrological conditions and traffic location have a significant negative correlation with the spatial distribution of rural tourism destinations.