适宜运动与过度训练调控肠道功能和肠-脑轴的作用机制

Mechanism of Appropriate Exercise and Overtraining Regulating Gut Function and Gut-brain Axis

对运动介导肠道与大脑联络的相关文献进行综述,分析适宜运动与过度训练对肠道功能和肠-脑轴之间神经传导及生物信号分子的影响,以揭示其作用机制。发现:肠道与大脑之间关系密切,肠-脑轴之间的双向神经联系和相关生物信号分子是实现肠道与大脑之间对话的媒介。运动可通过调控肠道与大脑之间的神经联系和相关生物分子影响肠-脑轴,介导肠道与大脑的健康及神经、精神疾病的转归。肠道微生物是实现肠-脑轴之间信息沟通的重要参与者,运动对肠道功能与肠-脑轴的调节可通过调控肠道微生态,及其介导的神经传导途径和生物信号分子的变化发挥终端效应,进而影响高级神经功能。不同强度的运动对肠道微生态及肠-脑轴的调节效应差异颇大,适宜运动和过度训练引起的干预结果截然不同。

Based on the literature review on exercise mediated gut and brain connectivity,the effects of appropriate exercise and overtraining on gut function,neural conduction of gut-brain axis,and biological signaling molecules are analyzed,in order to reveal the underlying mechanism.It is found that there is a close interaction between the gut and brain,and the bidirectional neural connections and related biological signaling molecules between the gut-brain axis are mediators for achieving crosstalk between the gut and brain.Exercise can regulate the neural connections and related biomolecules between the gut and brain,affecting the gut-brain axis,mediating its health,as well as the prognosis of neurological and psychiatric diseases.Gut microbiota is an important participant in achieving information communication between the gut-brain axis.Exercise regulates gut function and gut-brain axis by regulating the gut microbiota,as well as the changes in neural transmission pathways and biological signaling molecules to exert terminal effects,thereby affecting advanced neural function.However,there are significant differences in the regulatory effects of different intensities of exercise on gut microbiota and gut-brain axis,and the intervention results caused by appropriate exercise and overtraining are completely different.