智能时代知识变迁中的教学知识变革

The Reform of Teaching Knowledge in the Knowledge Transformation of the Intelligence Era

技术进步引发了人类知识图景的遽变。数字化、智能化的知识生成、知识表征、知识形态弱化了知识的确证性,人类从追求知识之普遍性、真理性转而追求其经验性、实践性。知识变迁深刻影响着传统知识教学,知识本位的价值立场、以科学为中心的知识内容、学科分化的知识组织等使教学知识不断累加,知识的智育价值、功利价值被强化,知识过密化、浅表化加剧,知识与生命相疏远。人工智能时代,基于知识变迁中教学改革面临的知识困境,教学知识变革是教学变革的前提。这需要通过教学知识的生命立场重建和人文价值重估,走出“教学便是教知识”的观念桎梏;以“减法思维”精选教学知识、以“主题融通”重组教学知识,倡导“人机协同”的知识学习,走出“以知识为中心”的教学实践困境。未来,教育必须按照人的生命发展规律并坚持知识为生命服务的原则,才能培养出不被技术“物化”和被算法决定的、有高度主体性的人;人工智能技术只有作为沟通教学知识与生命本体的桥梁并引导学生走向“技进于道”的超越,“人工智能+教育”才能回归育人原点,使学生在技术协同的教学中实现自由全面发展。

Technological progress has triggered a sudden change in the human knowledge landscape.The generation,representation,and patterns of digital and intelligent knowledge weaken the verifiability of knowledge,and humans shift from the pursuit of universal and true knowledge to the pursuit of experiential and practice-based knowledge.The change of knowledge has a profound impact on traditional knowledge teaching;the knowledge-oriented value stance,the science-centered content of knowledge,and the discipline-differentiating knowledge organization make teaching knowledge constantly accumulated;the intellectual and utilitarian value of knowledge is strengthened,densified and superficial knowledge is increased,and the connection between knowledge and life becomes severed.In the era of artificial intelligence,based on the knowledge dilemma facing the teaching reform in the change of knowledge,the reform of teaching knowledge is a prerequisite for the teaching reform.We need to break the concept that"teaching is to teach knowledge"by reconstructing the life stance of teaching knowledge and re-assessing the humanistic value;and select teaching knowledge through"subtractive thinking,"reorganize teaching knowledge through"thematic integration,"advocate learning knowledge through"human-machine collaboration,"and step out of the dilemma of"knowledge-centered"teaching practice.In the future,education needs to follow the law of humans'life development and adhere to the principle that knowledge serves life,so as to cultivate highly-subjective people who are not"materialized"by technology or determined by algorithms.Only when artificial intelligence technology serves as a bridge between teaching knowledge and the ontology of life and guides students to"pursue virtue through technology"can"artificial intelligence+education"return to the origin of talent cultivation and enable students to achieve free and all-round development in technology-supported teaching.